Unit 3 (Ch. 5, Ch. 8) Flashcards
“all aspects of human reproduction that result in birth”
Fertility
amount of birth per thousand people
Crude Birth Rate
the ability for a woman to concieve
Fecundity
the average amount of children that a woman will have
Total Fertility Rate
the amount of fertility that a couple needs to replace themselves
Replacement-Level Fertility
“the extent to which a population marries”
Nupality
deaths as a component of population change
Mortality
the number of deaths per thousand people
Crude death rate
number of infant deaths who are less than a year old per thousand births per year
Infant Mortality Rate
average number of years to live
Life Expectancy
annual population growth
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
tendency for a population to grow due to the amount of people in their child bearing years
Population Momentum
the number of years needed to get double the population size
Doubling Time
the maximum population
Carrying Capacity
diagram showing age and sex of a population
Population Pyramid
Three types of population pyramids
- expanding
- stable
- diminishing
number of males per 100 females
Sex Ratio
when older population increases and younger population decreases
Population Aging
The S-Shaped Curve
shows population growth and stabilization
Malthusian Theory
population growth depends of food supply and availability
Marxist Theory
against the surplus population - everyone should have a role
Boserup Theory
food supply dependent on population - increase in population = increase in food production
The Demographic Transition (four steps)
- Pre-Modern
- Urbanizing and Industrialization
- Mature Industrial
- Post-Industrial
a collection of individual demographic data done by a country
Census
the number of demographic fact (ex. people) per area
Density
population per unit of cultivatable land
physiological density
a new location seems more favourable
Push-Pull Logic
Zelinsky’s Mobility Transition Theory (five stages
- Pre-modern traditional
- Early transitional
- Late transitional
- Advanced
- Future, superhuman
analysis of change that treats each country/region individually
developmentalism
individual satisfaction of a location
Place utility
individual preference of a location
Spatial Preferences
individual perception of a location will determine of they stay or go
Moorings Approach
the individual stages of human life
Life Cycle
Five types of Migration
- Primitive Migration
- Forced Migration
- Free Migration
- Mass Migration
- Illegal Migration
The description and interpretation of images
Iconography
Ideas that challenge inequalities in a landscape
Critical geography
Interests of society are determined by the most dominant group
Hegemony
Western views of the Orient
Orientalism
A subordinate group seen as inferior
Other
Take everything in its own context
Contextualism
The preferences and identity of he researcher
Positionality
Researchers are not impartial
Situatedness
A depiction of the world
Representation
A group of organisms that can reproduce among themselves
Species
Physically distinguishable subspecies
Race
Physically observable trait
Phenotype
“Ethnic cleanse”
Genocide
Separate development of races
Apartheid
Forced labour
Indentured labour
intense opposition to minorities
Nativism
a group that shares a common ancestry or culture
Ethnic group
high concentration of an ethnic group
Ghetto
social links that encourage ethnic migration into the same area
Chain Migration
minority group loses culture to a dominant group
Assimilation
minority group absorbed into dominant culture but retains aspects of their identity
Acculturation
right to maintain multiple cultural identities
Multiculturalism
justification of sexual inequalities
Sexism
expression of self through sexual identity
Sexuality
people oppressed based on sexual identity - emphasis on sexual fluidity
Queer Theory
small groups within a culture; subculture
microculture
underground vernacular used by subgroups
Polari
degree to which needs are being satisfied
Well-being
using maps to see spatial-social variations
Welfare Geography
Seven indicators of well-being
- Income
- Living situation
- Health
- Education
- Social Order
- Social Belonging
- Recreation
culture that resists change and has long standing attitudes
Folk Culture
culture that thrives on change
Pop Culture
a setting for social interaction
locale
sustainable tourism
ecotourism
