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HGP 100 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

First Law of Geography

A

All things are related but closer things are more related than things farther away

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2
Q

Philosophy dealing with experience and facts, not theories

A

Empiricism

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3
Q

Philosophy dealing with facts, objectivity, repetition of experiments and scientific method

A

Positivism

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4
Q

Philosophy that humans are individual decision makers and are subjective

A

Humanism

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5
Q

To do practical activities

A

Pragmatism

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6
Q

“Empathetic understanding of the lived worlds of individual humans”

A

Phenomenology

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7
Q

Philosophy of “mode of production is key to understanding society”

A

Marxism

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8
Q

“Social relations where society organizes productive activity” (ex. Slavery, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, etc)

A

Mode of Production

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9
Q

“The political, legal, and social systems of a (Marxist) society”

A

Superstructure

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10
Q

Philosophy of securing equal rights for women

A

feminism

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11
Q

The idea that all concepts are socially produced and dynamic

A

Constructionism

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12
Q

Philosophy that reality cannot be studied objectively, so there may be multiple interpretations of reality

A

Post-Modernism

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13
Q

An approach focusing on individual phenomenon

A

Idiographic Approach

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14
Q

An approach focusing on universal phenomenon

A

Nomothetic Approach

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15
Q

An area on the Earth’s surface; a container

A

Space

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16
Q

A specific position within space

A

Location

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17
Q

“The local characteristics of a location”

A

Site

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18
Q

“A location relative to others”

A

Situation

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19
Q

A location with values associated with it

A

Place

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20
Q

“Attachments to locations with personal significance”

A

Sense of Place

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21
Q

Landscape esteemed for religious reasons

A

Sacred Space

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22
Q

“Homogeneous and standardized landscapes”

A

Placelessness

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23
Q

The love of a place

A

Topophilia

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24
Q

The dislike of a place

A

Topophobia

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25
Q

When each location is assigned a region

A

Regionalization

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26
Q

An area brought together by a specific characteristic

A

Formal (Uniform) Region

27
Q

An area with locations related to each other

A

Functional (Nodal) Region

28
Q

Regions perceived to exist by people either within or outside of them

A

Vernacular Regions

29
Q

The space between locations

A

Distance

30
Q

The pattern of which geographic facts are disbursed (clustered, uniform, random)

A

Distribution

31
Q

More distance = less interaction

A

Distance Decay (or “effect of distance” or “friction of distance”)

32
Q

The ease of getting from one location to another

A

Accessibility

33
Q

Conducting business (of any kind) with another location

A

Interaction

34
Q

Locations in close proximity to each other

A

Agglomeration

35
Q

Locations in far proximity to each other

A

Deglomeration

36
Q

Three types of distance

A
  1. Physical Distance
  2. Time Distance
  3. Economic Distance
37
Q

Improvements in transportation and technology makes distance less important

A

Time/Space Convergence

38
Q

Analyzing what is missing from a map

A

Lacunae Lapses

39
Q

Three types of scale

A
  1. spatial scale
  2. temporal scale (time/space)
  3. social scale
40
Q

“the spread of phenomenon over space and its growth in time”

A

Diffusion

41
Q

Diffusion to those near the origin

A

Neighborhood Effect

42
Q

Diffusion to larger centres then to smaller ones

A

Hierarchical Effect

43
Q

Diffusion slowly at first, then very rapidly

A

S-Shaped Curve

44
Q

“the process in which humans acquire information about their physical and social environments”

A

Perception

45
Q

“the perception of reality” by someone

A

Images

46
Q

Individual perception of space

A

Mental Map

47
Q

Change over time (economic growth, social welfare, and modernization)

A

Development

48
Q

The science of map-making

A

Cartography

49
Q

A map that uses shading relative to density

A

Choropleth Map

50
Q

A map that uses lines to show equal value

A

Isopleth Map

51
Q

To represent earthly positions on a flat surface

A

Projection

52
Q

Digital Mapping

A

Computer-Assisted Cartography

53
Q

“a computer-based tool that combines storage, display, analysis, and mapping of spatially referenced data”

A

Geographic Informations Systems (GIS)

54
Q

In GIS, a method that describes data as points, lines and areas

A

Vector Approach

55
Q

In GIS, a method that uses pixels and describes their content

A

Raster Method

56
Q

Obtaining information from a distance (ex. satellites)

A

Remote Sensing

57
Q

Research on attitudes, behaviours, and personal observation

A

Qualitative Study

58
Q

Objective research and reasoning

A

Quantitative Study

59
Q

Three types of projections

A
  1. Cylinder
  2. Cone
  3. Plane
60
Q

Conformal Map

A

Shapes are preserved but size and area are distorted

61
Q

Equal Area Map

A

Area and size are preserved but shape is distorted

62
Q

Equidistance Map

A

Preserves distance from a point

63
Q

Azimuthal Map

A

Preserves direction from a point

HGP 100 (8 decks)

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