Chapter 1 Flashcards
Result of human modifications to physical geography
Landscape
A localized area displaying homogeneity
Region
An area where something specific is situated
Location
Becoming more connected to the rest of the world
Globalization
“Interrelationships that connect individuals of a culture”
Society
Population and life expectancy increase; birth and death decline
Modernization
First society to have literary and mathematical descriptions of the world (ex. Aristotle)
Greece
“Father of Geography” (273-192 BCE), wrote a book describing the entire known world
Eratosthenes
After the discovery that the Earth is round, this man made a grid of longitudes and latitudes
Hipparchus
Created a map using 8000+ locations from Hipparchus’s grids
Ptolemy
The idea that the world was created by God
Teleology
A symbolic map showing Asia, Europe, and Africa in a T shape
T-O Map
A map that uses lines that one could place a compass on
Portolano Map
(1254-1323 CE) visited China and wrote about it
Marco Polo
Traditional Geography
China - humans are _____ of nature
Europe - humans are _____ to nature
China - humans are part of nature
Europe - humans are separate to nature
(1512-1594 CE) made maps of the round world on a flat surface
Gerardus Mercator
(1622-1650 CE) wrote Geographia Generalis, and defined the word “geography” as needing both detailed descriptions of a place and universal generalizations
Bernhardus Varenius
(1724-1804) said there is a need to classify facts in their “spatial context”
Immanuel Kant
(1775-1826 CE) described all of the known world including places, plants, animals, cultures, languages, etc.
Conrad Malte-Brun
Wrote Cosmos and Die Erdkunde respectively. Believed that human geography and physical geography should be combined
Alexander Von Humboldt and Carl Ritter
(1833-1905 CE) founded “chorology” or regional studies
Ferdinand Von Ricthofen
Focused on “anthropogeography” (human geography) and the “influence of physical geography on humans”
Friedrich Ratzel
Created “géographie Vidalienne”, a school of geography focussing on human made landscapes
Paul Vidal de la Blache
(1861-1947 CE) British man who said geography and history are related
Hanford J Mackinder
(1850-1935 CE) American who said “physical geography influenced human landscapes” aka physiography
William Morris Davis
(1863-1932 CE) American similar to Ratzel -physical geography influences humans
Ellen Churchill Semple
Four Principles of Human Geography
- Physical Geography as a Cause (disproven)
- Relationship with Humans and Land
- Regional Studies
- Spatial Analysis
Human activity is determined by choices made by humans
Possibilism
Regional studies
Chorology
A “synonym for regional geography”
Areal Differentiation
“Explaining the location of geographic facts” a 1953 paper by F.W. Schaefer
Spatial Analysis
Study of “the human way of life, cultural regions, and relationships between humans and physical landscapes”
Human Geography
