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Studying concepts > unit 3 cellular respiration and energy > Flashcards

unit 3 cellular respiration and energy Flashcards

1
Q

autograph

Hetrograph

A

makes own food

eats food

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2
Q

What is ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate stores and releases energy in cells

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3
Q

What is the basic energy source for all cells?

A

ATP

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4
Q

What is ATP made of

A

adenine, ribose (5-carbon sugars), and 3 phosphate groups

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5
Q

ADP (adenosine diposphate)

A

2 phosphate groups

cell can store small amounts of energy by adding phosphate group to make ADP. Used form and can be recharged back into ATP.

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6
Q

How does ATP release energy

A

by breaking bond holding lost phosphate group together

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7
Q

What is energy from ATP used for?

A

active transport across cell membrane
protien synthesis
muscle contraction

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8
Q

what do most cells have small amounts of and what are they regenerated by?

A

most cells have small amount of ATP, but easily regenerated from ADP using energy from food

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9
Q

photosynthesis

A

process by green plants make high energy carbohydrates and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide

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10
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

6C02 + 6H20 sunlight C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

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11
Q

Jan van Helmot

A

determined mass of dry soil and seedling then planted seedling and watered regularly. 5 years later gained 75Kg but mass of soil was unchanged and concluded that mass came from water

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12
Q

joseph Priestly

A

lit a candle and placed glass jar over it and candle went out said that something in the air needed for fire to burn
he put a live mint under the jar for a few days then lit the candle and the candle stayed lit longer
mint produced oxygen for what fire needed to burn

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13
Q

jan ingenhouze

A

tried priestly’s experiment in the dark showed light is needed to produce oxygen

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14
Q

pigments

A

plants absorb suns energy with light absorbing molecules

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15
Q

chlorophyl

A

main pigment in plants

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16
Q

what are the two types of chlorophyl

A

chlorophyll (a)

chlorophyll (b)

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17
Q

What is light

A

light is energy so any compound that absorbs light absorbs energy from light

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18
Q

what happens when chlorophyl absorbs light

A

energy is transformed to electrons in chlorophyl and raises energy (imagine giving a 5 year old redbull)

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19
Q

What do the high energy electrons do?

A

do the work of photosynthesis

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20
Q

where does photosynthesis take place

A

chloroplast

21
Q

what are thylakoids

A

saclike photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplast

22
Q

what is granum

A

a stack of thylakoids

23
Q

what is grana

A

more than 1 stack of thylakoids

24
Q

what are photosystems

A

small protiens in thylakoid membrane thare are light collecting units of chloroplast

25
Q

what are electron carriers

A

when electrons in chlorophyll absorb sunlight, then the electrons gain a great deal of energy

26
Q

what do light dependent reactions require

A

light

27
Q

what do light dependent reactions produce

A

prodouce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ADP and NADPH

28
Q

calvin cycle (light dependent)

A

uses ADP and NADPH from light reactions to make sugars

29
Q

what are light dependent reactions

A

when reaction trap sunlight in chemical way

30
Q

what are light independent reactions

A

reactions that use chemical energy to produce stable high energy sugars from carbon dioxide and water

31
Q

what is the source of raw materials and energy in our body

A

food

32
Q

where do both plants and animals carry out final stages of cellular respiration

A

mitochondria

33
Q

Cellular respiration formula

A

6O2 + C6 H12 O6 …. 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

34
Q

cellular respiration

A

the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

35
Q

where does glycolysis take place

A

cytoplasm

36
Q

where do Krebs cycle and electron transport chin happen

A

mitochondria

37
Q

what is the net ATP production of glycolysis

A

2 ATP, 2 Pyruvate acid

38
Q

what is the energy tally of 1 molecule of glucose including glycolysis

A

4 NADH
1 FADh2
1 ATP

39
Q

NADPH

A

photosynthesis

40
Q

NADH

A

cellular respiration

41
Q

what is fermentation

A

follows glycolysis when oxygen is not available and NADH passes electrons back to pyruvic acid to regenerate NAD+

42
Q

what is fermentation arobic or anaerobic why

A

anaerobic because of no oxygen

43
Q

alcoholic fermentation

A

yeast and other organisms use alcoholic fermentation forcing ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as waste

EQUATION pyruvic acid + NADH …… alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

44
Q

lactic acid fermentation

A

regenerate NAD+ by giving electrons from NADH back to pyruvic acid forming lactic acid

45
Q

Krebs cycle

A

begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondrion

46
Q

what is required for final steps of cellular respiration

A

oxygen

47
Q

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

A

Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions

48
Q

What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

Cellular respiration is the process where organisms break down glucose (sugar) using oxygen to produce energy (ATP), water, and carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose (sugar) and release oxygen;

49
Q

What happens in the thylakoids?

A

absorbs energy from the sunlight and is involved in the formation of ATP and NADPH in the light reaction of photosynthesis through electron transport chains

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