unit 3 cellular respiration and energy

Question 1

autograph

Hetrograph

Answer 1

makes own food

eats food

Question 2

What is ATP

Answer 2

adenosine triphosphate stores and releases energy in cells

Question 3

What is the basic energy source for all cells?

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

What is ATP made of

Answer 4

adenine, ribose (5-carbon sugars), and 3 phosphate groups

Question 5

ADP (adenosine diposphate)

Answer 5

2 phosphate groups

cell can store small amounts of energy by adding phosphate group to make ADP. Used form and can be recharged back into ATP.

Question 6

How does ATP release energy

Answer 6

by breaking bond holding lost phosphate group together

Question 7

What is energy from ATP used for?

Answer 7

active transport across cell membrane
protien synthesis
muscle contraction

Question 8

what do most cells have small amounts of and what are they regenerated by?

Answer 8

most cells have small amount of ATP, but easily regenerated from ADP using energy from food

Question 9

photosynthesis

Answer 9

process by green plants make high energy carbohydrates and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide

Question 10

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 10

6C02 + 6H20 sunlight C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Question 11

Jan van Helmot

Answer 11

determined mass of dry soil and seedling then planted seedling and watered regularly. 5 years later gained 75Kg but mass of soil was unchanged and concluded that mass came from water

Question 12

joseph Priestly

Answer 12

lit a candle and placed glass jar over it and candle went out said that something in the air needed for fire to burn
he put a live mint under the jar for a few days then lit the candle and the candle stayed lit longer
mint produced oxygen for what fire needed to burn

Question 13

jan ingenhouze

Answer 13

tried priestly’s experiment in the dark showed light is needed to produce oxygen

Question 14

pigments

Answer 14

plants absorb suns energy with light absorbing molecules

Question 15

chlorophyl

Answer 15

main pigment in plants

Question 16

what are the two types of chlorophyl

Answer 16

chlorophyll (a)

chlorophyll (b)

Question 17

What is light

Answer 17

light is energy so any compound that absorbs light absorbs energy from light

Question 18

what happens when chlorophyl absorbs light

Answer 18

energy is transformed to electrons in chlorophyl and raises energy (imagine giving a 5 year old redbull)

Question 19

What do the high energy electrons do?

Answer 19

do the work of photosynthesis

Question 20

where does photosynthesis take place

Answer 20

chloroplast

Question 21

what are thylakoids

Answer 21

saclike photosynthetic membranes inside chloroplast

Question 22

what is granum

Answer 22

a stack of thylakoids

Question 23

what is grana

Answer 23

more than 1 stack of thylakoids

Question 24

what are photosystems

Answer 24

small protiens in thylakoid membrane thare are light collecting units of chloroplast

Question 25

what are electron carriers

Answer 25

when electrons in chlorophyll absorb sunlight, then the electrons gain a great deal of energy

Question 26

what do light dependent reactions require

Answer 26

light

Question 27

what do light dependent reactions produce

Answer 27

prodouce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy carriers ADP and NADPH

Question 28

calvin cycle (light dependent)

Answer 28

uses ADP and NADPH from light reactions to make sugars

Question 29

what are light dependent reactions

Answer 29

when reaction trap sunlight in chemical way

Question 30

what are light independent reactions

Answer 30

reactions that use chemical energy to produce stable high energy sugars from carbon dioxide and water

Question 31

what is the source of raw materials and energy in our body

Answer 31

food

Question 32

where do both plants and animals carry out final stages of cellular respiration

Answer 32

mitochondria

Question 33

***Cellular respiration formula***

Answer 33

6O2 + C6 H12 O6 .... 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

Question 34

cellular respiration

Answer 34

the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Question 35

where does glycolysis take place

Answer 35

cytoplasm

Question 36

where do Krebs cycle and electron transport chin happen

Answer 36

mitochondria

Question 37

what is the net ATP production of glycolysis

Answer 37

2 ATP, 2 Pyruvate acid

Question 38

what is the energy tally of 1 molecule of glucose including glycolysis

Answer 38

4 NADH 1 FADh2 1 ATP

Question 39

NAD***P***H

Answer 39

photosynthesis

Question 40

NADH

Answer 40

cellular respiration

Question 41

what is fermentation

Answer 41

follows glycolysis when oxygen is not available and NADH passes electrons back to pyruvic acid to regenerate NAD+

Question 42

what is fermentation arobic or anaerobic why

Answer 42

anaerobic because of no oxygen

Question 43

alcoholic fermentation

Answer 43

yeast and other organisms use alcoholic fermentation forcing ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide as waste ***EQUATION*** pyruvic acid + NADH ...... alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Question 44

lactic acid fermentation

Answer 44

regenerate NAD+ by giving electrons from NADH back to pyruvic acid forming lactic acid

Question 45

Krebs cycle

Answer 45

begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondrion

Question 46

what is required for final steps of cellular respiration

Answer 46

oxygen

Question 47

What happens during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 47

Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions

Question 48

What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 48

Cellular respiration is the process where organisms break down glucose (sugar) using oxygen to produce energy (ATP), water, and carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose (sugar) and release oxygen;

Question 49

What happens in the thylakoids?

Answer 49

absorbs energy from the sunlight and is involved in the formation of ATP and NADPH in the light reaction of photosynthesis through electron transport chains