Gentetics

Question 1

Gregor Johan Mendel

Answer 1

1822 to 1884

Studied inheritance in pea plants

Cultivated and tested 28,000 P plants over seven years

Found offspring, retain traits of parents

Called father of genetics

Stated physical traits are inherited as particles

Question 2

Trait

Answer 2

Any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring

Question 3

Heredity

Answer 3

Passing of trait from parent to offspring

Question 4

Genetics

Answer 4

Study of heredity

Question 5

Alleles

Answer 5

Two forms of a gene ( dominant, and recessive)

Question 6

Dominant

Answer 6

Stronger of two genes expressed in the hybrid represented by a capital letter

Question 7

Recessive

Answer 7

Gene that shows up less often in a cross ; represented by a lowercase letter

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

Gene combination for a trait

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

Physical feature, resulting from a genotype

Question 10

Homozygous

Answer 10

Genotype gene combination involving two dominant or two recessive genes

Question 11

Heterozygous

Answer 11

A gene combination of one dominant and one recessive allele also called hybrid

Question 12

Reproduction in flowering plants

Answer 12

Flowers have both male and female gametes
-Pollen= sperm
- produced by spamen
Ovary contains eggs
-Found inside flower

Question 13

What is self fertilization?

Answer 13

Fertilization within the same flower

Question 14

What is cross-fertilization?

Answer 14

Fertilization within different flowers

Question 15

Traits in flowering plants

Answer 15

Seed shape = round (R) or wrinkled (r)

Seed color= Yellow (Y) or green (y)

Flower color = Purple (P) or white (w)

Question 16

Generation gap

Answer 16

Paternal generation in breeding experiment

In Mendel’s pea plants these were the pure breeding plants

Question 17

F1 generation

Answer 17

First generation offspring from breeding experiment

Question 18

F2 generation

Answer 18

Second generation offspring in breeding experiment
-from breeding F1 generation

Question 19

Types of genetic crosses

Answer 19

Mono hybrid- one trait

Dihybrid - 2 traits

Question 20

Law of dominance

Answer 20

In cross of pure for contrasting traits, only one form of trait will appear in the next generation

All offspring, heterozygous, and express dominant trait

Question 21

Law of segregation

Answer 21

During the formation of gametes two alleles separate

Question 22

Law of independent assortment

Answer 22

Alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another
-illustrated using dihybrid cross

Question 23

Incomplete dominance

Answer 23

Heterozygotes have intermediate phenotype

Question 24

Codominance

Answer 24

Two alleles expressed in heterozygous individuals

Question 25

Blood type

Answer 25

Type A: I^A I^A

Type B: I^B I^B

Type AB: I^A I^B

Type o: ii

Question 26

Sex linked traits

Answer 26

Genes are on sex chromosomes

Female- XX

Male - XY

X and Y chromosomes carry different alleles X is larger

Many sex link traits carried an X chromosome