Unit 3: Cell Flashcards
1
Q
- English physicist and microscopist.
- Pioneering scientist for the discovery of compound of microscope.
A
Robert Hooke
2
Q
- Father of microbiology, first person to see bacteria
A
Antonie Van Leeuwenhook
3
Q
- Cell is the basic unit of life
A
Henri Dutrochet
4
Q
- He found that the noticeable small dense body at the center found to be plant cell.
A
Robert Brown
5
Q
- All plants are made up of cells
A
Matthias Schleiden
6
Q
- All animals are made up of cells
A
Theodore Schwann
7
Q
- Sought the protoplasm
A
Johannes Purkinje
8
Q
- omnis cellula e cellula”
- All cells come from cells
A
Rudolf Virchow
9
Q
- He proposed protoplasm can be found on all types of organisms
A
Max Schultze
10
Q
- Existence of one-celled organism
- He recognized the one-celled organism.
A
Felix Dujardin
11
Q
- All living things are composed of one or more cells
A
The Cell Theory
12
Q
- Most cells are relatively small because as size increases, volume increases much more rapidly.
A
Cell size
13
Q
Largest cell on the human body
A
Ovum
14
Q
Smallest cell in the human
A
Sperm
15
Q
Largest cell with a metabolism
A
Chaos chaos
16
Q
Largest cell: Object
A
yolk of an ostrich egg
17
Q
- Include bacteria and archaea.
- Lack internal compartments, has no nucleus
A
Prokaryotic Cells
18
Q
- Includes animals, plants, fungi
- Has large, true nucleus, bounded by double membranes
A
Eukaryotic Cells
19
Q
Animal cells have
A
- Lysosome
- Centrosome
- Centrioles
20
Q
Plants cells have
A
- Plasmodesmata
- Chloroplast
- Cell wall
21
Q
Information Central
A
NUCLEUS
22
Q
made of DNA
A
- CHROMOSOMES
23
Q
a mixture of DNA and proteins
A
- CHROMATIN
24
Q
- produce and assemble ribosomes
A
- NUCLEOLUS
25
- Site of protein synthesis
RIBOSOMES
26
nuclear envelope, smooth and rough ER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, transport vesicle, plasma membrane
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM
27
Biosynthetic Factory
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
28
Shipping and Receiving Center
GOLGI APPARATUS
29
Digestive Compartments
LYSOSOMES
30
engulfment of smaller organisms or food particles
- Phagocytosis
31
reusing old and damaged cell parts
Autophagy
32
Diverse Maintenance Compartments
VACUOLES
33
- Proposed the Theory of Endosymbiosis to prove the origin of mitochondrion and chloroplast.
Lynn Margulis
34
Chemical Energy Conversion
MITOCHONDRIA
35
Capture of Light Energy and site of photosysthesis
CHLOROPLASTS
36
flattened interconnected sacs
- Thylakoids
37
stacked thylakoids
Granum
38
fluid that contains the chloroplast DNA and ribosomes
- Stroma
39
A group of membrane-bounded organelles occurring in photosynthetic eukaryotic cells.
PLASTIDS
40
- Contain enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms oxygen (O2) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) WATER.
PEROXISOMES
41
- Gives structure in animal cell, mechanical support of the plant cell
Cytoskeleton
42
* Are thickest of the three types;
- Microtubules
43
* also called actin filaments
* are the thinnest;
- Microfilaments
44
* are fibers with diameters in a middle range
- Intermediate filaments
45
- Extracellular structure that distinguishes from animal cells
- Protects plant cell, maintain their shape and prevents excessive uptake of water
Cell Walls of Plants
46
- Separates the cell from the outside environment.
- Made of phospholipids that has transport proteins so hydrophobic tools won’t come across
- It controls traffic into and
Plasma Membrane
47
channels that facilitates the transport of hydrophilic substances.
- Transport Proteins
48
facilitate the movement of water
- Aquaporin
49
- No energy required
Passive Transport
50
- Movement of molecules from levels of high concentration to levels of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
Diffusion
51
- The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane from a lower concentration of solute to a higher concentration of solute
Osmosis
52
- Polar molecules and ions diffuse passively with the help of transport proteins
Facilitated Diffusion
53
- Uses energy (ATP) to move solutes against their gradients (low to high concentration)
Active Transport
54
addition of phosphate to a molecule.
Phosphorylation
55
- Cell discharges material
Exocytosis
56
- Movement of large material into the cell
Endocytosis
57
(“cellular eating”)
* phagocytosis
58
(“cellular drinking”)
* Pinocytosis
59
- Life is a series of chemical reactions and these reactions require ENERGY
Cell Metabolism
60
is what happens when you digest food and the molecules break down in the body for use as energy.
Catabolism
61
a reaction that requires free energy to proceed.
Endergonic
62
energy in food molecules is released and converted to a form that can be used by the cell which is ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
- Cellular Respiration
63
- This energy comes from ATP molecules
Cellular Metabolism
64
Cellular Respiration
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
65
NAD
Nicotinamide Adenine dinucleotide
66
FAD
Flavin adenine dinucleotide)
67
Glycolysis occurs
cytoplasm
68
Krebs cycle and ETC occurs in
mitochondria
69
- It involves the breakdown of glucose to 2 pyruvate or pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
70
Glycolysis
glucose become 2 pyruvate acid
two atp is produced and 2 nadh is released
71
Preparatory reaction
pyruvate moves in the mitochondria converted to 2 acetyl CoA.
2 Nadh is produced and 2 Co2 is released.
72
Citric Acid Cycle
Carbons from initial glucose are oxidized. the cycle releases 2 Co2, 3 Nadh, 1 fadh, 1Atp
73
Citric Acid Cycle Parts
Citrate
Isocitrate
alpha ketoglutarate
Succinyl CoA
Succinate
Fumarate
Malate
Oxaloacetate
74
Each Citric Acid Cycle creates
3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 2 CO2
75
- Series of proteins found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Electron Transport Chain
76
NADH AND FADH YIELD
2.5 1.5
77
Net Atp
32
78
- NADH transfers its electrons directly to pyruvate, generating lactate
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
