Unit 2: CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE

Question 1

• Living structure” or a living part of the cell

Answer 1

Protoplasm

Question 2

“Physical basis of life”

Answer 2

• Huxley

Question 3

homogenous jelly-like mass of the cell (Sarcode)

Answer 3

• Felix Dujardin

Question 4

What theory talks about protoplasm as the main part of the cells, performing all the physiological activity of the cell.

Answer 4

Protoplasm Theory

Question 5

is the protoplasm enclosed by the plasma membrane of cell

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

is the colorless material composing the living parts of the cell

Answer 6

protoplasm

Question 7

• Basic building blocks of matter

Answer 7

Atom, Atomos= Invisible

Question 8

• Number of protons

Answer 8

Atomic Number

Question 9

a weighted average of all of the isotopes of that element

Answer 9

Atomic Mass/Weight

Question 10

form when atoms share electrons

Answer 10

Covalent bonds

Question 11

unequally share electrons between atoms, so they have a slight positive charge at the other end.

Answer 11

• Polar molecules

Question 12

have electrons equally shared between their atoms.

Answer 12

• Non-Polar Molecules

Question 13

when atoms become ions by gaining or losing electrons.

Answer 13

Ionic bonding

Question 14

Molecular Formula of Glucose

Answer 14

C6H12O6

Question 15

• Two separate reactants bonded together.

Answer 15

Synthesis Reaction

Question 16

• Compounds broken into two products

Answer 16

Dissociation Reaction

Question 17

• are smaller molecules in repeating units that serve as the building blocks

Answer 17

Monomers

Question 18

it is a long molecule consisting of many monomers

Answer 18

Polymer

Question 19

• means to break using water

Answer 19

Hydrolysis

Question 20

Compounds of Protoplasm

Answer 20

• Water – 75%
• Proteins – 10-20%
• Lipids – 2 - 3%
• Carbohydrates – 2%
• Salts – 1%

Question 21

• Molecules that do not have C (carbon) in their structure.

Answer 21

Inorganic Molecules

Question 22

• Molecules containing C (carbon) and H (hydrogen) in their structure.

Answer 22

Organic Molecules

Question 23

• more H+ than OH-
• a solution that has a higher concentration of positively charged hydrogen ions (H) than negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH). Common examples of acids are lemon juice and vinegar.

Answer 23

Acidic Solutions

Question 24

• lesser H+ than OH-
• an aqueous solution with a higher concentration of OH-ions than H+ ions. To put it another way, it’s an aqueous solution with a pH greater than 7. Acidic pH is below 7, neutral pH is 7, and basic pH is above 7. pH is the hydrogen ion concentrations, so the pH range of bases are 7-14

Answer 24

Basic Solutions

Question 25

- the chemical backbone of all life on Earth

Answer 25

Carbon

Question 26

- Short-term energy storage

Answer 26

Carbohydrates

Question 27

* Major nutrients for cells

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

Single Sugar

Answer 28

MONOSACCHARIDES

Question 29

- acts as an energy source for the body

Answer 29

DISACCHARIDES

Question 30

- protects the cell, store energy, and gives structural support

Answer 30

POLYSACCHARIDES

Question 31

- does not include true polymers - Not big enough to be considered macromolecules - insoluble in water, helps control what goes in and out of your cells.

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

- They make up all membrane

Answer 32

Phospholipids

Question 33

- involves the storage and expression of genomic information.

Answer 33

Nucleic Acids

Question 34

- runs in antiparallel arrangement

Answer 34

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Question 35

- directly involved in the transcription of the pattern of bases from the DNA

Answer 35

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 36

messenger

Answer 36

Messenger rna

Question 37

where protein is made

Answer 37

ribisomal Rna

Question 38

track delivery

Answer 38

Transfer Rna

Question 39

- consists of ribose, adenine, and phosphate group

Answer 39

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)