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NatSc12 > BIOTECHNOLOGY > Flashcards

BIOTECHNOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q
  • application of technology using the living organisms to obtain useful products
A

Biotechnology

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2
Q

early history relates to food and shelter, including domestication

A
  1. Ancient Biotechnology
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3
Q

fermentation of food products and medicine

A
  1. Classical Biotechnology
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4
Q

manipulates genetic information in an organism, genetic engineering.

A
  1. Modern Biotechnology
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5
Q

it is in vitro DNA technology used to isolate genes from an organism manipulate them in the laboratory as per desire and insert them into other cells or systems for specific characteristics.

A
  • Genetic engineering
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6
Q

is one of the recent advances in biotechnology, which was developed by two scientists named Boyer and Cohen in 1973

A
  • Recombinant DNA technology
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7
Q

who constructed the first recombinant DNA using bacterial DNA and plasmids

A

Herbert Boyer:

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8
Q

circular double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell’s chromosomal DNA

A

Plasmids

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9
Q

who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1986 for his work on discoveries of growth factors

A

Stanley N. Cohen

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10
Q
  • this enormous volume of data has been stored and organized in two primary data banks
A

GenBank
The EMBL Sequence Data Base

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11
Q

it helps control blood sugar levels

A
  • Insulin
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12
Q

increased glucose concentration disorder

A
  • Diabetes
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13
Q

deterioration of kidney function

A

Nephropathy

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14
Q

administration of antigen to elicit an immune response that shall protect against infections

A
  • Vaccines
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15
Q

toxins that causes the body to make an immune response

A

 Antigen

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16
Q

produced by plasma cells to find the pathogens

A

 Antibodies

17
Q
  • Types of vaccines
A

Dead bacteria, Attenuated Bacteria, Subunit Bacteria, New generation vaccines.

18
Q
  • recombinant plasmids in agriculture
A

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

19
Q

 seeks to modify or manipulate the expression of a gene or to alter the biological properties of living cells for therapeutic use.

A
  • Human gene therapy
20
Q
  • antimicrobial chemicals produced by various microorganisms that can kill or retard the growth of infectious microorganisms
A

Antibiotics

21
Q
  • a process that uses microorganisms to clean up pollution

NatSc12 (10 decks)

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