GENETICS Flashcards
1
Q
- father of genetics
A
Gregor Mendel
2
Q
- Inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another trait.
A
Principle of Independent Assortment
3
Q
- study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring
A
Genetics
4
Q
- are determined by the genes on the chromosomes.
A
Traits
5
Q
- a segment of DNA that determines a trait.
A
Gene
6
Q
- they come in homologous pairs, thus genes come in pairs.
A
Chromosomes
7
Q
- matching genes – one from female parent and one from male parent
A
Homologous pairs
8
Q
- different genes (possibilities) for the same trait
A
Alleles
9
Q
- gene that prevents the other gene from “showing”
A
Dominant
10
Q
- gene that does NOT “show” even though it is present
A
Recessive
11
Q
- both genes of a pair are the same
A
Homozygous or purebred
12
Q
Heterozygous or hybrid
A
- one dominant and one recessive gene
13
Q
combination of genes an organism has (actual gene makeup)
A
Genotype
14
Q
Physical appearance resulting from gene make-up
A
Phenotype
15
Q
- used to predict the possible gene makeup of offspring
A
Punnett Square
16
Q
- when one allele is NOT completely dominant over another (they blend)
A
Incomplete dominance
17
Q
- when both alleles are expressed
A
Codominance
18
Q
- inability to distinguish between certain colors
A
Colorblindness
19
Q
- blood won’t clot
A
Hemophilia
20
Q
- graphic representation of how a trait is passed from parents to offspring
A
Pedigrees
21
Q
- 3 or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait
A
Multiple Alleles
22
Q
- sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA
A
Mutations
23
Q
organism less able to survive
A
Harmful mutations
24
Q
allows organism to better survive
A
Beneficial mutations
25
neither harmful nor helpful to organism
Neutral mutations
26
Mutations can occur in 2 ways
chromosomal mutation or gene/point mutation
27
Chromosomal Mutations
Deletion
duplication
inversion
translocation
28
47 chromosomes, extra chromosome at pair #21 (Disorder)
Down’s syndrome
29
- only 45 chromosomes, missing a sex chromosome (X)
Turner’s syndrome
30
- Boys affected – low testosterone levels, underdeveloped muscles, sparse facial hair
Klinefelter’s syndrome
31
- red blood cells are sickle shaped instead of round and cannot carry enough oxygen to the body tissues
Sickle cell anemia
32
- mucous builds up in the lungs
Cystic fibrosis
33
- deterioration of the nervous system
Tay-Sachs Disease
34
- an amino acid common in milk cannot be broken down and as it builds up it causes mental retardation
Phenylketonuria
35
- gradual deterioration of brain tissue, shows up in middle age and is fatal
Huntington’s disease
36
- variety of skeletal abnormalities
Dwarfism
37
Chromosomal Mutation
Down’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome
38
Gene or Point Mutation
Sickle cell anemia
Cystic fibrosis
Tay-Sachs Disease
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
39
Dominant gene mutations
Huntington’s disease
Dwarfism
40
