GENETICS

Question 1

• father of genetics

Answer 1

Gregor Mendel

Question 2

• Inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another trait.

Answer 2

Principle of Independent Assortment

Question 3

• study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring

Answer 3

Genetics

Question 4

• are determined by the genes on the chromosomes.

Answer 4

Traits

Question 5

• a segment of DNA that determines a trait.

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

• they come in homologous pairs, thus genes come in pairs.

Answer 6

Chromosomes

Question 7

• matching genes – one from female parent and one from male parent

Answer 7

Homologous pairs

Question 8

• different genes (possibilities) for the same trait

Answer 8

Alleles

Question 9

• gene that prevents the other gene from “showing”

Answer 9

Dominant

Question 10

• gene that does NOT “show” even though it is present

Answer 10

Recessive

Question 11

• both genes of a pair are the same

Answer 11

Homozygous or purebred

Question 12

Heterozygous or hybrid

Answer 12

• one dominant and one recessive gene

Question 13

combination of genes an organism has (actual gene makeup)

Answer 13

Genotype

Question 14

Physical appearance resulting from gene make-up

Answer 14

Phenotype

Question 15

• used to predict the possible gene makeup of offspring

Answer 15

Punnett Square

Question 16

• when one allele is NOT completely dominant over another (they blend)

Answer 16

Incomplete dominance

Question 17

• when both alleles are expressed

Answer 17

Codominance

Question 18

• inability to distinguish between certain colors

Answer 18

Colorblindness

Question 19

• blood won’t clot

Answer 19

Hemophilia

Question 20

• graphic representation of how a trait is passed from parents to offspring

Answer 20

Pedigrees

Question 21

• 3 or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait

Answer 21

Multiple Alleles

Question 22

• sudden genetic change (change in base pair sequence of DNA

Answer 22

Mutations

Question 23

organism less able to survive

Answer 23

 Harmful mutations

Question 24

allows organism to better survive

Answer 24

 Beneficial mutations

Question 25

neither harmful nor helpful to organism

Answer 25

 Neutral mutations

Question 26

 Mutations can occur in 2 ways

Answer 26

chromosomal mutation or gene/point mutation

Question 27

Chromosomal Mutations

Answer 27

Deletion
duplication
inversion
translocation

Question 28

47 chromosomes, extra chromosome at pair #21 (Disorder)

Answer 28

Down’s syndrome

Question 29

• only 45 chromosomes, missing a sex chromosome (X)

Answer 29

Turner’s syndrome

Question 30

• Boys affected – low testosterone levels, underdeveloped muscles, sparse facial hair

Answer 30

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 31

• red blood cells are sickle shaped instead of round and cannot carry enough oxygen to the body tissues

Answer 31

Sickle cell anemia

Question 32

• mucous builds up in the lungs

Answer 32

Cystic fibrosis

Question 33

• deterioration of the nervous system

Answer 33

Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 34

• an amino acid common in milk cannot be broken down and as it builds up it causes mental retardation

Answer 34

Phenylketonuria

Question 35

• gradual deterioration of brain tissue, shows up in middle age and is fatal

Answer 35

Huntington’s disease

Question 36

• variety of skeletal abnormalities

Answer 36

Dwarfism

Question 37

Chromosomal Mutation

Answer 37

Down’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome
Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 38

Gene or Point Mutation

Answer 38

Sickle cell anemia
Cystic fibrosis
Tay-Sachs Disease
Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 39

Dominant gene mutations

Answer 39

Huntington’s disease
Dwarfism