Unit 3 Bone Fractures

Question 1

What type of bone fractures occur during youth?

Answer 1

More from exceptional trauma than twists and smashes
i. e. Football, skiing or car accidents

Question 2

Why do bones fracture more in old age?

Answer 2

Bones thin and weaken, so fractures occur more often

Question 3

What is the difference between a closed (simple) fracture and an open (compound) fracture?

Answer 3

In a closed fracture the bone breaks cleanly and does not penetrate the skin.
In an open fracture the bone ends penetrate through the skin.

Question 4

What are the different types of bone fractures?

Answer 4

1. Comminuted
2. Compression
3. Depressed
4. Impacted
5. Spiral
6. Greenstick

Question 5

What happens to the bone in a comminuted fracture?

Answer 5

The bone breaks into 3 or more fragments

Question 6

What happens to the bone in a compression fracture?

Answer 6

Bone is crushed

Question 7

What happens to the bone in a depressed fracture?

Answer 7

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

Question 8

What happens to the bone in an impacted fracture?

Answer 8

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

Question 9

What happens to the bone in a spiral fracture?

Answer 9

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

Question 10

What happens to the bone in a greenstick fracture?

Answer 10

The bone breaks incompletely, much the way a green twig breaks

Question 11

Who is more susceptible to comminuted fractures?

Answer 11

Older people whose bones are more brittle

Question 12

Where do compression fractures occur most frequently?

Answer 12

In porous bones (osteoporitic bones of older people

Question 13

Where do depressed bone fractures occur?

Answer 13

The skull

Question 14

When do impacted bone fractures typically occur?

Answer 14

When someone tries to break a fall with their arms

Question 15

Where are spiral fractures common?

Answer 15

In sports fractures

Question 16

Why are greenstick fractures more common in children!

Answer 16

Their bones are more flexible than adults

Question 17

Why do greenstick fractures occur morein children?

Answer 17

There bones are more flexible

Question 18

How are broken bones treated?

Answer 18

1. The bones are realigned through a process called reduction
2. The bone is immobiliized by a cast or traction to allow the healong process to begin
3. Healing takes 6-8 weeks (larger bone take longer, older people take longer.

Question 19

What is the difference between open and closed reduction?

Answer 19

In closed reduction the bones are coaxed back into their nirmal position by the physician’s hands.
In open reduction surgery is performed and th bones ends are secured together using pins or wires.

Question 20

What are the four steps in the healing of a broken bone?

Answer 20

1. Hematoma forms
2. Fibrocartilage callus forms
3. Bony callus forms
4. Bone Remodeling occurs

Question 21

What is a hematoma?

Answer 21

A blood filled swelling caused by blood vessels that are ruptured when a bone is broken

Question 22

Where does the fibrocartilage callusmoriginate from?

Answer 22

The endosteum and periosteum

Question 23

What are the two events of tissue repair fibrocartilage callus formation?

Answer 23

1. Growth of new capillaries
2. Connective tissue cells form internal and external masses of repair tissue that for fibrocartilage callus

Question 24

What is the fibrocartilage calus composed of?

Answer 24

Cartilage matrix, bone matrix, collagen fibers

Question 25

In the healing of a broken bone, what formation acts as a “ splint”?

Answer 25

Fibrocartilage callus

Question 26

How does the bony callus form?

Answer 26

1. More osteoblasts and osteoclasts migrate to the area and multiply
2. Fibrocartilage callus is gradually replaced by the bony callus made of spongy bone