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3/4 Health and Human Development > Unit 3 AOS 2: Chapter 6, 7 > Flashcards

Unit 3 AOS 2: Chapter 6, 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Biomedical Model of Health

A
  • Focuses on physical/biological aspects of disease and illness
  • Medical model of care practised by doctors/health professionals
  • Associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of disease
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2
Q

Advantages of Biomedical Model of Health

A
  • Extends life expectancy

- Improves quality of life

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3
Q

Disadvantages of Biomedical Model of Health

A
  • It is costly

- Not accessible to all

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4
Q

Social Model of Health

A
  • Conceptual framework
  • Improvements in health and well being are achieved by directing efforts toward addressing social, economic and environmental determinants of health
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5
Q

Social Model of Health: 5 Principles

A

A - Addresses broader determinants of health (strategies focus on all determinants)
R - Reduces social inequities (as a result of social determinants e.g. SES, gender)
E - Empowers individuals and communities (when individuals/communities have good knowledge in health it can make them create better decisions)
A - Access to health care (health care services should reduce barriers to health care)
S - Inter-sectorial collaboration (involving all interested/concerned groups means social and physical determinants can be properly addressed)

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6
Q

Advantages of Social Model of Health

A
  • Promotes good health and assists in preventing disease

- Responsibility of health is shared

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7
Q

Disadvantages of Social Model of Health

A
  • Not every condition can be prevented

- Health promotion messages can be ignored

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8
Q

Ottowa Charter for Health Promotion: 5 priority action areas

A
  • Build healthy public policy (develop policy to promote health)
  • Creative supportive environments (create environments that make healthier choices easier choices)
  • Strengthen community action (involve/encourage all people in the community)
  • Develop personal skills (inform/empower people to make healthier choices)
  • Reorient health services (switch focus from biomedical to preventative health care)
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9
Q

What is the Ottawa Charter?

A
  • Approach to health development by WHO

- Attempts to reduce inequities in health

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10
Q

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion: 3 strategies

A
  • Advocate (others working on behalf of less fortunate to bring awareness and make change to social, behavioural and biological factors favourable to health)
  • Mediate (coordinated action by all levels of government, health sectors, NGO’s, etc
  • Enable (aims to reduce differences in health status to ensure equal opportunity so all people can reach their full potential of health)
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11
Q

Ottawa Charter: Prerequisites

A
  • Shelter
  • Education
  • Income
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12
Q

What is VicHealth?

A
  • Victorian government funded body

- Works with organisations, individuals and communities to promote health and reduce illness

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13
Q

VicHealth: Mission

A
  • Promote fairness and opportunity for better health
  • Recognise that the social + economic conditions for all people influence their health
  • In partnership with others, promote good health
  • Support initiatives that assist individuals and communities as well as broader society to improve well being
  • Seek to prevent chronic conditions
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14
Q

VicHealth: Strategies

A
  • Promote healthy eating
  • Encourage regular physical activity
  • Prevent tobacco use
  • Prevent harm from alcohol
  • Improve mental well being
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15
Q

Federal government responsibility for health care

A
  • Administration of medicare management/funding
  • Administration of PBS
  • Funding of health care system (allocation of funds to each state)
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16
Q

State government responsibility for health care

A
  • Running of hospitals
  • Ambulance
  • School health
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17
Q

Local government responsibility for health care

A
  • Garbage collection

- Maintenance of parks

18
Q

What is Medicare?

A
  • Universal health care system

- Provides medical care to patients via their GP or hospital

19
Q

How is Medicare funded?

A
  • The medicare levy (2% tax placed on taxable income of most tax payers)
  • The medicare levy surcharge (people without PHI and earn above a certain amount have to pay extra tax)
  • General taxation
20
Q

What is covered by Medicare?

A
  • X-rays
  • Pathology tests
  • Eye tests
  • Those admitted into a public hospital are fully covered by Medicare
  • Those admitted into a private hospital Medicare covers 75% of the cost
21
Q

What is not covered by Medicare?

A
  • Cosmetic procedures
  • Ambulance
  • Medicine
22
Q

Advantages of Medicare

A
  • Available to all Australians

- Reciprocal agreement between Aus and selected countries

23
Q

Disadvantages of Medicare

A
  • Doesn’t cover alternate therapies

- Waiting list for many treatments

24
Q

What is PBS?

A
  • PBS is a government initiative
  • Aims to subsidise cost of wide range of prescription medications
  • Provides Australians with medications at affordable prices
25
Q

What is Private Health Insurance?

A
  • Members pay a premium/fee
  • In return, members get payment towards health related costs not covered by medicare
  • Gives people more choice for health care
  • Adds significantly to funding of the health systems
26
Q

What is covered by PHI?

A
  • Choice of doctor, hospital, own room
  • Short waiting period for surgery
  • Covers cost of admission to public/private hospital
27
Q

Values of the health care system

A
  • Safe
  • Effective
  • Efficient
  • Continuous
  • Accessible (everyone should have the same access despite barriers such as discrimination)
  • Responsive (health care system should be centred around the user’s needs rather than the needs and wants of government bodies)
  • Sustainable
28
Q

3 Government incentives to try and encourage Australian’s to get PHI

A
  • Private health insurance rebate (30% rebate incentive and policy holders receive 30% refund on their premium)
  • LifeTime Health Cover (people who take up PHI after the age of 31 pay an extra 2% premium for every year they are over 30)
  • Medicare Levy Surcharge
29
Q

Nutrition Surveys

A
  • Provide a snapshot of what Australian’s/population groups in Australia are eating at a particular time
  • Allows government/non-government groups to monitor food intake and take steps to improve nutrition status
  • Can compare this information to recommended intakes for each nutrient to determine which nutrients are being consumed in adequate amount, inadequate amounts and excess amounts
30
Q

Advantages of PHI

A
  • Enables access to private hospital care
  • Shorter waiting time for medical procedures
  • Choice of doctor when in public/private
31
Q

Disadvantages of PHI

A
  • Costly in terms of premiums
  • May be a “gap” which means insurance doesn’t pay whole fee
  • Qualifying periods apply for some conditions
32
Q

The Australian Dietary Guidelines

A
  • Been designed to provide advice relating to the types/amounts of foods, food groups and dietary patterns
33
Q

Australian Dietary Guideline: 1

A
  • To achieve and maintain a healthy body weight,

- Be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs

34
Q

Australian Dietary Guideline: 2

A
  • Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups everyday
    (Vegetables, fruits, grains, lean meats + poultry, dairy, water)
35
Q

Australian Dietary Guideline: 3

A
  • Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol
36
Q

Australian Dietary Guideline: 4

A
  • Encourage, support and promote breast feeding
37
Q

Australian Dietary Guideline: 5

A
  • Care for your food; prepare and store it safely
38
Q

The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating

A
  • A visual tool

- Assists in planning, selecting and consuming adequate proportions of food from the 5 food groups

39
Q

What is Nutrition Australia?

A
  • NGO that provides dietary advice to promote healthy eating
  • Aims to promote healthy eating by providing the latest information on nutrition research and food/health trends
  • Publication of recipes
  • Health eating advisory service
40
Q

What is The Heart Foundation?

A
  • Charitable organisation
  • Works to inform Australian public and health professionals about heart health
  • Aims to reduce suffering and death of Australians from heart disease
  • Tick of approval encourages people to look at the labelling of products and to and foods with the tick contain low fats, salts and contain nutrients such as fibre and calcium

3/4 Health and Human Development (6 decks)

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