Unit 3 AOS 1: Chapter 1, 2 + 3

Question 1

Burden of disease

Answer 1

• A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries
• Measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability
• Measured in DALY’s

Question 2

YLD (Years lost due to disability)

Answer 2

The number of healthy years lost due to disease, illness or injury

Question 3

YLL (Years of life lost)

Answer 3

Years of life lost due to premature death

Question 4

Disability adjusted life year (DALY)

Answer 4

• A measure of burden of disease

- One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease and injury

Question 5

Life expectancy

Answer 5

• An indication of how long a person can expect to live

- It is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change

Question 6

Health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)

Answer 6

• Measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth but includes an adjustment for time spent in poor health
• It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality

Question 7

Morbidity

Answer 7

Refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group

Question 8

Mortality rate

Answer 8

The number of deaths over a period of time

Question 9

Prevalence

Answer 9

The number of cases of a particular disease in a population at a given time

Question 10

Incidence

Answer 10

The rate at which a particular disease occurs over a period of time

Question 11

Health status

Answer 11

• An individuals or populations overall health

- Takes into account aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factor

Question 12

Under-five mortality rate

Answer 12

The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births

Question 13

What do low SES groups experience and why?

Answer 13

• Higher rates of morbidity; poorer, less nutritious diet
• Higher rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer; more likely to smoke
• Higher rates of suicide; higher rates of unemployment

Question 14

Difference between health status of Indigenous and Non-indigenous Australians

Answer 14

• Life expectancy for Indigenous Australians is much lower
• Higher rates of Morbidity
• More likely to smoke tobacco causing low birth weight
• More likely to be insulin resistant causing type 2 diabetes

Question 15

Rural and remote populations

Answer 15

• Lower levels of food security as they have reduced access to fresh, nutritious food
• Reduced access to health care facilities which can cause increase in illness
• Lower socioeconomic status
• Higher levels of obesity which can cause cardiovascular disease due to high blood cholesterol
• Higher rates of smoking

Question 16

Differences between Males and Females

Answer 16

• Life expectancy lower for males compared to females: 84 and 80
• Males have higher rates of suicide as they may not deem it appropriate to display emotions or talk about their problems
• Males have higher rates of obesity which means more likely to get cardiovascular disease
• Males have higher rates of risk taking behaviour e.g. speeding
• Higher rates of smoking causing cancer
• Males more likely to be exposed to a riskier workplace environment e.g. machinery, UV, chemicals

Question 17

Determinants of health

Answer 17

• Factors that raise or lower level of health in an individual or population
• Explain or predict trends in health or why some groups have better or worse health than others
• Can be classified as biological, behavioural, physical environment and social

Question 18

Risk factor

Answer 18

• Increase the chance of developing a disease, illness or injury

Question 19

Protective factor

Answer 19

• Helps guard against or reduce the risk of getting a disease, illness or injury

Question 20

Biological determinants

Answer 20

• Things relating to the body that impact on health
  e.g.
  Genetics,
  Hormones,
  Body weight

Question 21

Behavioural determinants

Answer 21

• Actions or patterns of living of an individual or group that impact on health
  e.g.
  Smoking,
  Sexual activity,
  Physical activity

Question 22

Social determinants

Answer 22

• Aspects of society and social environment that impact on health
  e.g.
  Poverty,
  Social networks,
  Support

Question 23

Physical environment

Answer 23

• Physical surroundings in which we live, work and play
  e.g. Roads,
  Air quality,
  Workplace

Question 24

Australia’s health status

Answer 24

• Regarded as a healthy country
• Majority enjoy good health
• Improved due to improved medical technology, health promotion strategies and immunisation programs
• Lifestyle diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Australia

Question 25

Definition of health

Answer 25

Refers to a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 26

Physical health

Answer 26

• Efficient functioning of the body and its systems
• Includes physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness
  e. g. resist disease, have a healthy body weight

Question 27

Social health

Answer 27

• Able to interact with others
• Participate in the community in both an independent and co-operative way
  e. g. maintain relationships, make a positive contribution to society

Question 28

Mental health

Answer 28

• State of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities
• Can cope with normal stresses of life
• Work productively and fruitfully
• Able to make a contribution to his/heir community
  e. g. understand/express emotion, ability to solve problems