Unit 3 Flashcards
Bottom-up Processing
process start at the sensory receptors and works up to the brain using the five sense
(ex. What am I looking at?)
Top-down process
Process construct perception, your organization of sensory information, from the sensory input collected by drawing on experiences and expectations
(ex. Is that something I’ve seen before?)
Sensory Adaptation
refer to the situation when you have decreasing responses to a stimuli due to constant stimulation
(ex. 방에 들어가서 냄새를 맡다가 어느새 적응해서 아무 냄새도 안 느껴짐)
because your nerve cells fire less frequently
Sensory Habituation
refer to your perception of sensation depending on how much you focus on them
Energy Senses
Vision (Rods cones)
Hearing (Cochlea)
Touch (Pain, pressure, texture, temperature)
Chemical Senses
Taste/gustation (Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami (taste bud)
Smell/olfaction (smell receptors
Body Position senses
Vestibular sense (hairlike cells located in semicircular canals (inner ear canal)
Kinesthetic sense (Receptors in muscle and joints)
Figure - ground Relationship
Perceptual tendency to separate whole scenes or objects into a clear figure (object of focus) and a more indistinct background (ground)
ex. Necker Cube (depending on your focus you may see a cube or a black circle with white lines
Remember
Gestalt !The whole can be greater than the sum of its parts!
Proximity
group nearby objects together
Continuity
perceive continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones
Closure
fill in gaps to form a whole object
Absolute threshold
minimum stimulation needed to detect any stimuli 50% of the time
(lowest level of stimuli needed to detect smell, sound, ray of light)
Signal Detection Theory
A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background noise (other stimuli)
Finding a friend in a concert hall where you have to find the friend’s voices (signal) throughout the noises of others (other stimuli)
Different Threshold
Known as Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
is the smallest amount by which a stimulus must be changed in order for the change to be detectable at least half of the time
너가 데드리프트를 100kg하는중에 조금씩 무게를 올리면 인지를 못함 (because it is below your difference threshold)
근데 한번에 무게를 많이 올리면 체감이 확 옴 (because it is above your difference threshold)
Weber’s Law
Principle describing the relationship between stimulus and resulting sensation, stating that the JND is a constant proportion of the original intensity of the stimulus
Changes are relative to initial weight or intensity
가방에 이미 책들이 있는데 책들을 더 추가하면 별로 차이를 못 느낌
하지만, 아무것도 없는 가방에 책을 넣으면 체감이 확 옴
Sensation
Actual awareness of our environment through the five senses
Perception
the way we interpret this sensory information to tell us something about our environment, making sense of where we are.
Perceptual Set
describe our tendency to perceive some aspects of sensory data and ignore others
(influenced by our expectations, emotions, and cultural upbringing)
Schema
mental framework that help organize and interpret information
Like templates for google slides.
Use an existing structure to guide your work
Ex) Stereotypes and social roles
Context effect
refers to how the context (or env.) in which something is experienced can impact perception and recall of the event or information
Selective Attention
Our focus on a particular stimulus among others
ex) Imagine a party where people starts to talk at once. If someone talks to you you might tune into the conversation even though the environment is loud. Your selective Attention makes you more focus toward the conversation = this is the cocktail party Effect
Cocktail party Effect
The ability of you tuning into a conversation where the environment is still loud (like a party)
Inattentional Blindness
Occurs when you fail to see visible objects when your attention is focused elsewhere
ex) In a party you were so focused on the conversation that you did not recognize a friend has came to the party unitl they tap your shoulders
Your focus on one thing can make you blind to toher things happening around you
Change Blindness
The failure to notice significant changes in our environment
ex) 틀린 그림 찾기. 두 그림중에 무엇이 바뀌었는지를 찾지 못함
Depth Perception
Involve ability to perceive spatial relationships
(how far the objects are from us)
Monocular Cues
Cues available with only one eye like interposition, relative height, relative motion, linear perspective, relative size, and light and shadows
Binocular Cues
Cues that depend on the use of both eyes.
Retinal Disparity
Retinal Disparity
The ability to difference between the two image (judge distance)
Perceptual Constancy
perceive moving objects as unchanging
자동차가 점점 내쪽으로 오는데 물체가 진짜로 커지는 것은 아니지만 가까이 오고 있어서 커지는 것을 느낌
Visual Capture
refer to the dominance of vision over other sense modalities in creating a perception
(Our vision often takes charge and influence our perception more than any other senses)
우리가 마술을 볼때 분명 가짜인것을 알지만 눈으로 속아서 실제로 마법처럼 보인다
