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AP psych. > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nature vs Nurture

A

The debate of whether human behavior is determined by genetics or learned through environments (Thomas Bouchard Experiment of identical twins of their IQ)

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2
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach

A

The approach of biological (genes), psychological (gene expression + beliefs) and social- cultural(peer influence) influences all play a part in our individual development

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3
Q

Endocrine System

A

Endocrine Gland
- Pineal Gland, Hypothalamus, and pituitary Gland

  • Thyroid and parathyroid
  • Adrenal glands
  • Pancreas
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4
Q

Pineal Gland

A
  • Produce melatonin
  • regulate circadian rhythm
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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • control pituitary gland
  • trigger hunger and thirst
  • maintain homeostasis
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6
Q

Pituitary Gland

A
  • Control growth
  • Produce hormones such as oxytocin (pair bonding and social trusts)
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7
Q

Thyroid Gland

A
  • maintain metabolism
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8
Q

Parathyroid

A
  • regulate the level of calcium in blood
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9
Q

Adrenal Glands

A
  • Trigger fight or flight responsesF
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10
Q

Fight or flight Response

A

Automatic Physiological reaction to an event perceived as stressful or frightening

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11
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Regulate the level of blood sugar releasing inculin
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12
Q

Testis and Ovaries

A

Reproductive organs in the male and female

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13
Q

Epigenetics

A
  • study of how environmental factors influence gene expression
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14
Q

CNS (central nervous system)

A

composed of brain and spinal cords

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15
Q

PNS (peripheral nervous system)

A

connects sensory and motor neurons to the CNS

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16
Q

Somatic nervous system (branch of PNS)

A

charge of controlling voluntary movements of our skeletal muscle

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17
Q

Autonomic nervous system (branch of PNS)

A

controls all automatic functions of our internal organs (Such as heart beat or breathing)

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18
Q

Dendrite

A

Receives information and transfers to the cell body

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19
Q

Axon

A

Pass message to its terminal branches

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20
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

A layer of tissue that covers the axon and speeds up neural impulses. Without a myelin sheath, there is a loss of muscle control

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21
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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22
Q

all-or-none response

A

they either fire or they don’t

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23
Q

Excitatory

A

Pushes neuron’s accelerator, makes a neuron more likely to reach action potential and fire

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24
Q

Inhibitory

A

Push a neuron’s brake, makes it less likely for a neuron to reach action potential

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25
Q

Acetylcholine (ACH)

A

Function
- Enable muscle action, learning, and memory

Malfunction
- Alzheimer disease

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26
Q

Dopamine

A

Function
- Influence movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Malfunction
- Less Dopamine = Parkinson Disease

-Oversupply of Dopamine = Schizophrenia

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27
Q

Serotonin

A

Function
- Affect mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

Malfunction
- Undersupply = Depression

Antidepressant drug raise serotonin

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28
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Function
- Help control alertness and arousal

Malfunction
- Undersupply can depress mood

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29
Q

GABA

A

Function
- Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Malfunction
- Undersupply = seizures, tremors, and insomnia

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30
Q

Glutamate

A

Function
- Excitatory neurotransmitter

Malfunction
- oversupply = stimulate brain = migraines and seizures

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31
Q

Endorphins

A

Function
- Diminish perception of pain and act as natural sedative

Malfunction
- Undersupply = cause depression, anxiety and moodiness

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32
Q

withdraw

A

금단현상

33
Q

Types of Drug

A
  • Depressant

-Stimulant

  • Hallucination
  • Opiates
34
Q

Stimulants

A

drugs that excites neural activity and speed up body function

ex) nicotine, cocaine

35
Q

Depressant

A

drugs that reduce or slow our neural activity and body functions

ex) alcohol

36
Q

Opiates

A

depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety as well

ex) endorphine

37
Q

Hallucinogens

A

drugs known to distort perception and evoke sensory images without any actual sensory input

ex) LSD

38
Q

Brainstem

A

Function
- responsible for controlling many of the body’s basic function

parts
- midbrain
-pons
-medulla

39
Q

Midbrain

A
  • responsible for managing some of the body’s reflex
    (ex) eye movement)
  • control of sleep, wakefulness, and alertness
40
Q

pons

A
  • Connects brainstem to cerebellum
  • Responsible for sleep, dream, walking
41
Q

medulla

A
  • responsible for vital body functions (heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing)
42
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory center

  • plays crucial role in the processing and relay of sensory information to the appropriate areas of the brain
43
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • responsible for maintaining balance and coordinate movement

+ process sensory input, nonverbal learning, and implicit memory

44
Q

Limbic System

A

group of brain structure that involved in emotions

  • Amygdala (emotions)
  • Hippocampus (memory)

Hypothalamus (homeostasis) + hypothalamus is also in endocrine system as well

45
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

deals with

-problem solving
- decision making
-planning
-judgement

46
Q

Parietal Lobe

A
  • receives input about touch, temperature, pain, and body position
47
Q

Temporal Lobe

A
  • Auditory information
48
Q

Occipital Lobe

A
  • Visual Information
49
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Bridge that allows two Hemisphere to exchange informations

50
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Deals with production of language and speaking
(언어, 말 다치면 벙어리)

51
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Deal with understanding language
(말귀를 못알아 듣는다)

52
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Control right hand

  • Spoken language
    -written language
  • mathematical/ logical thought process
  • analysis and reading

Deep Thinking

53
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Control left hand

-nonverbal perception
-responsible for musical/artistic process
- emotional thought

Creative Mind

54
Q

CT

A

Function
- 2d image of brain using X-ray

Good
- show structures of brain and damages

Bad
- Does not show the function of brain

55
Q

PET

A

Function
- Radioactive glucose tracked down to show metabolism by the brain

Good
- Record brain activity

Bad
- Less precise than fMRI and exposure to radiation

56
Q

EEG

A

Function
- Electrodes placed on head and graphical images is produced

Good
- Useful with sleep research

Bad
- No structure or function of brain

57
Q

fMRI

A

Function
- Measures change in blood flow and creates 3D image

Good
- More precise than PET scan with functional picture of brain

Bad
- Brain area activate for different reasons but unable to detect this

58
Q

Roger Sperry

A

Neuropsychologists winning Nobel prize as he discovered the different functions of Right and Left Hemisphere

59
Q

Plasticity

A

brain’s ability to reorganize itself after and accident or tragedy or modify itself in response to experience a change

60
Q

Mere- Exposure effect

A

People tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them

  • describes our preference in old stimuli (have seen before) over new stimuli
61
Q

Priming

A
  • People tend to respond more quickly and accurately to question they have already seen even if they don’t remember them
62
Q

Blind sight

A

People who are blind can still accurately describe the path of an object they cannot seePr

63
Q

Preconscious

A

무의식

out of your awareness, but anything within your preconscious could be recalled

너 생일이 언제였지? 생각하면 기억남

64
Q

Unconscious

A

인간의 본능 욕구

level of conscious that includes all of your unacceptable thoughts and feelings

(sexual ect.)

65
Q

Nonconscious

A

body process that you don’t control 24/7 (heart beat, respiration, digestion)

66
Q

Tolerance

A

diminishing effect of a drug when taking the same dose of it

67
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

internal clock, control our temperature and wakefulness in 24-hour cycle

Suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus control the circadian rhythm

68
Q

Sleep is important because

A
  • it helps us restore and repair brain tissue
  • restores and rebuild memories of the day
  • feeds creative thinking
69
Q

NREM-1

A

Falling into unconsciousness, easily awaken

(sleep itself is a conscious state)

70
Q

NREM-2

A

Deeper into sleep, bursts of brain activity (sleep spindle)

71
Q

NREM-3

A

Deepest sleep; characterized by deep and slow delta waves

72
Q

REM

A

Dreaming occurs, high brain activity, physical appearance of deep sleep

73
Q

Insomnia

A

불면증 (inability to fall asleep)

74
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sudden uncontrollable sleep attack (기면증)

75
Q

Night Terror

A

typically impact children (occur in NREM-3)
walk around while sleeping or screaming

76
Q

Manifest Content

A

Made by Sigmund Freud

actual remembered storyline (말 그대로 꿈의 전체적인 이야기의 흐름)

77
Q

Latent Content

A

Underlying meaning of the dream (꿈속에 나온 것들이 무엇을 상징하는지)

78
Q
A

AP psych. (9 decks)

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