unit 2a socialism, marx and means of production

Question 1

What is socialism?

Answer 1

Economic system characterized by collective ownership of means of production and cooperative management of the economy.

Question 2

What are arguments for socialism?

Answer 2

-Better social welfare
-collective ownership
-economic equality

Question 3

What are some criticisms toward socialism?

Answer 3

-less innovation in individuals
-oppression through reduced economic freedom

Question 4

What is means of production?

Answer 4

land, labour and capital.
-Having these things puts one at advantage business wise.

Question 5

What is the main idea of socialism?

Answer 5

cooperation over competeition
-values economic equality among the citizens.

Question 6

What are the two different types of socialism?

Answer 6

change of society through..
1. Violent revolution
2. Peaceful democracy (democratic socialism)

Question 7

Who supported the ideas of violent revolution socialism?

Answer 7

Karl Marx: Marxism and communism

Question 8

who supported the ideas of peaceful democracy socialism?

Answer 8

Robert Owens and Charles Fourier: Utopian socialism

Question 9

what is a utopia?

Answer 9

A perfect society

Question 10

What are utopians?

Answer 10

Essentially humanitarians who wanted for the end of appalling industrial revolution conditions

Question 11

What did utopians believe?

Answer 11

Believed that education and imrpoved working conditions could peacefully eradicate the worst aspects of capitalism

Question 12

Who is Robert Owen?

Answer 12

Welsh social reformer and a founder of utopian socialism and cooperative movement

Question 13

What did Robert believe the cause of distress was?

Answer 13

competition of human labour with machinery

Question 14

What are some things Robert Owen believed in?

Answer 14

-everyone recieves education
-safe working/living conditions
-comfy worker housing
-paved & clean streets
-parks and leisure time
-rewarded for good behavior

Question 15

what were roberts views on children?

Answer 15

-have daycare centers available
-school until age 10
-lessened working hours

Question 16

Where are the two loactions of Roberts utopian communities?

Answer 16

• Indiana USA ( New Harmony)
• New Lanark, Scotland

Question 17

What was Roberts goal behind new harmony?

Answer 17

create self supporting cities with labour done by machinery and people should enjoy education and recreation

Question 18

What did Owen believe about peoples character?

Answer 18

-Believed a persons character is formed by the effects of their environment
-argued that people are naturally good but are corrupted by the harsh ways they are treated

Question 19

What is the main thing Robert Owen did?

Answer 19

Set up a «utopian» community outside of mainstream society

Question 20

Who is Karl Marx?

Answer 20

German economist/philosopher famous for the creation of Marxist theory

Question 21

What was the main idea of Marxism?

Answer 21

The only way to overthrow capitalism is through violent revolution

Question 22

What is a bourgeoisie?

Answer 22

Capitalists (owners of means of production)

Question 23

What are proletariats?

Answer 23

Workers

Question 24

What is Marx view of alienation of modern work?

Answer 24

Specialized jobs, workers are derived of genuine connection to what they’re doing and their contribution to society

Question 25

What is Marx’s vision of a utopian communist society?

Answer 25

-without private property - progressive taxation -free public education -no inheritance

Question 26

What happens to means of production over time?

Answer 26

Changes depending on the period

Question 27

What are the 3 time period means of production?

Answer 27

-nomads> horses/bows and arrows -feudalism> land -capitalism> factories

Question 28

What defines humans?

Answer 28

Their relationship to the means of production

Question 29

Who was Edmund burke?

Answer 29

Classical conservation who was horrified by the French Revolution

Question 30

What is democratic socialism?

Answer 30

Ideology that advocates peaceful transition from capitalism to socialism. (Opposes revolutionary communism)

Question 31

What is socialism regarding Marxist influence?

Answer 31

Supporters of his theories who favour peaceful change

Question 32

What is communism regarding Marxist influence?

Answer 32

Supporters of his theories who advocate for worldwide violent revolution

Question 33

What is Leninism regarding Marx influence?

Answer 33

Vladimir Lenin’s version of communism/marxism -needs a small group of professional revolutionaries

Question 34

What is Stalinism regarding Marx’s influence?

Answer 34

Joseph Stalin version of communism/marxism -promotes communism around the word, protect communism at home -essentially enforcing communism all over so we’re all on board

Question 35

What is welfare capitalism?

Answer 35

capitalism that includes social welfare policies and/or practice of businesses providing welfare services to their employees, while encouraging entrepreneurship

Question 36

What is a welfare state?

Answer 36

Society which the government plays a large role in providing for the needs of its citizens through publicly funded social programs

Question 37

What are some welfare state programs/benefits?

Answer 37

-old age pension -unemployment insurance -education -health care -public housing

Question 38

Tu when did welfare capitalism start coming into practice?

Answer 38

-1810 as Britain gradually started improving working conditions -1883 Germany started providing illness and maternity leave

Question 39

Who is Theodore Roosevelt?

Answer 39

Found the new a new political party, National Progressive Party sometimes referred as progressivism

Question 40

What were core values of progressive movement?

Answer 40

-prohibit child labour -create a national health program -promote equal suffrage to men and women

Question 41

What is a square deal?

Answer 41

Idea of Roosevelt where both labour and capital must be treated fairly.

Question 42

Who is Maynard Keynes?

Answer 42

British economist who thought the market economy was based on fundamental error -used GD as proof

Question 43

What did Keynes believe happens during economic downs?

Answer 43

People stress and hoard money, failing to invest which would further create economic recession -believed in recession, governments needed to deficit spend.

Question 44

What is the new deal?

Answer 44

Was a series of programs and projects and projects instituted during the GD that aimed to restore prosperity to Americans

Question 45

what is the main idea of classical conservatism?

Answer 45

society should be structured in a hierchial fashion with those best suited for leadership at the top.

Question 46

what is marxism?

Answer 46

Idea that society is divided between the rich who own everything and the workers who are exploited, and it calls for a classless society where wealth and power are shared equally.

Question 47

what is socialism regarding marx's influence?

Question 48

Who made the new deal?

Answer 48

Franklin D Roosevelt -made it during the time of Great Depression ( was inspired by Keynes)