Unit 2.4: PARASITOLOGY Flashcards by Charmaine Pascua

Organisms that live on or in a host organism and get their food from or at the expense of its host.

Parasites

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the _____ is the animal species that harbors the parasite.

host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which lives in or upon another organism (host) and derives nutrients directly from it, without giving any benefit to the host

_____
Inside the body host
Infection

_____
Outside the body host
Infestation

Endoparasite
Ectoparasite

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of PARASITES (OFAPSA)

Obligate
Facultative
Accidental
Permanent or Temporary
Spurious
Aberrant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A type of parasite that need a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development and to propagate their species

Obligate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is a type of parasite that free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises.

Facultative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is a type of parasite that does not ordinarily live in or on a host.

Accidental

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is a type of parasite that is a free-living organism that passes through the digestive tract without infecting the host.

Spurious

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is a type of a parasite that cannot live further

Aberrant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

harbors the parasite and provides nourishment and shelter.

host

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Hosts (DIRPAIFV)

Definitive
Intermediate
Reservoir
Paratenic
Amplifier
Incidental
Fomites
Vector

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Types of Hosts

_____ attains sexual maturity
_____ asexual or larval stage
_____ allow the parasite’s life cycle to
_____ parasite lives but it cannot develop further
_____ multiplies exponentially
_____ not the usual
_____ inanimate objects that can carry and spread disease
_____ (Biological or Mechanical)

Definitive
Intermediate
Reservoir
Paratenic
Amplifier
Incidental
Fomites
Vector

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two species are interdependent upon each other that one cannot live without the help of the other

SYMBIOSIS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two types of Symbiosis

Commensalism
Parasitism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parasite only derives the benefit, no harm to the host.
Ex: Mites and insects

Commensalism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Parasite derives benefits from the host and always causes some injury to the host
Ex: Malaria parasite (Plasmodium) in humans

Parasitism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Classification of Parasites

Parasites
Endoparasites Ectoparasites
Protozoa/Metozoa Arthropods

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_____ means “First Animal” – Animal-like protists

Protozoan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

single-celled organisms that can be free-living or parasitic.

Potozoa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 groups based on the mode of Movement

Sarcomastigophora
Apicomplexa
Ciliophora

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 groups based on the mode of Movement:

Sarcomastigophora
1.1 _____– amoeba (pseudopodia, binary fission)
1. _____ – flagellates (Flagella, longitudinal binary fission)

Sarcodina
Mastigophora

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 groups based on the mode of Movement:

_____ –Plasmodium (no organelle for locomotion)

_____ – non-motile sporozoan (sexual reproduction, oocyst formation)

Apicomplexa

Sporozoa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 groups based on the mode of Movement:

_____ – ciliates (Cilia, transverse binary fission)

Ciliophora

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

thrives in fresh water, salt water and soil.

Amoeba sp.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Amoeba sp. - thrives in fresh water, salt water and soil - many are motile with _____ (false feet)

pseudopods

Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Used for movement and to capture food (phagocytosis)

Pseudopods

An intestinal amoeba An anaerobic protozoan parasite that infects humans and other primates.

Entamoeba histolytica

_____ is a disease caused by the parasite E. histolytica.

Amebiasis

Known as the brain-eating amoeba typically found in bodies, of warm freshwater and minimally chlorinated swimming pools

Naegleria fowleri

Causes brain infection called Naegleriasis or Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

Naegleria fowleri

Unicellular protozoans with one or group of long whip-like hairs called flagella that are used for locomotion.

MASTIGOPHORA

depend on the infection of a host for the completion of their life cycle.

MASTIGOPHORA

They have whip-like flagella Also known as G. intestinalis/Lambia intestinalis

Giardia lamblia

1st seen by Leeuwenhoek by examining his own stool.

Giardia lamblia

The only protozoan parasite found in the lumen of human small intestine

Giardia lamblia

Protozoan parasite transmitted by blood- feeding flies of genus Glossina (tsetse fly) a vector widespread in sub-Sharan Africa.

Trypanosoma brucei

Blood-sucking insect

Trypanosoma brucei

this parasite causes African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).

Trypanosoma brucei

_____ is a fatal disease

Trypanosomiasis

They feed on cells and body fluids Form from spores (tiny reproductive cells) Body covered with pellicle They do not move on their own, instead they are passed from one host to another: ticks, mosquitoes, or other animals to humans

SPOROZOA

Parasitic protozoa that causes malaria spread by the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito.

Plasmodium sp.

Infect red blood cells in mammals and occurs worldwide in tropical and temperate zones.

Plasmodium sp.

infection is known as toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii

Free-living complex freshwater or saltwater protozoan.

CILIOPHORA

Characterized by having numerous cilia on the outside of their cells

CILIOPHORA

These are tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.

CILIA

Best known ciliates belongs to the _____ – slipper shaped

genus Paramecium

_____ means little bag

Balantidium

two stages of Balatidium coli

Trophozoite Cyst

actively feeding and multiplying stage, responsible for the symptoms and disease

Trophozoite

resistant, dormant stage for survival outside the host or in harsh environments

cyst

- lives in the cecum and colon (large intestine) of humans, pigs, rats, and other mammals - swine pigs are reservoir host - causes a disease called Balantidiasis (ciliary dysentery)

Balatidium coli

METAZOA – Helminths Helminths 1. Platyhelminths (flatworms) - Cestodes (tapeworms) - Trematodes ( flukes) 2. Nematodes (roundworm) - Mature in humans - Fail to mature in humans

LIFE CYCLE

1. Direct/Simple 2. Indirect/Complex 3. Dioecious 4. Monoecious

LIFE CYCLE 1. _____ Parasite requires only one host to complete its development. 2. _____ Parasite requires two hosts. 3. _____ One individual has either male or female reproductive organs. 4. _____ Have both male and female reproductive organs in a single individual.

1. Direct/Simple 2. Indirect/Complex 3. Dioecious 4. Monoecious

- Adult tapeworms are found in the intestine of their host - They have head scolex with sucking organs - A segmented body (proglottids) but no alimentary canal

Cestodes

Commonly known as pork tapeworm or armed tapeworm. It is a flat-ribbon-like tape worms that is white in color

Taenia solium

Commonly known as beef tapeworm

Taenia saginata

It is an intestinal parasite of cattle (intermediate host) and human (definitive host) – causing taeniasis

Taenia saginata

also called Dog tapeworm or hydatid worm.

Echinococcus granulosus

flat, leaf-shaped bodies with a ventral sucker and an oral sucker but no distinct head.

Flukes

Obtain food by absorbing it through CUTICLE

Flukes

_____ (blood fluke) _____ (lung fluke) _____ (liver fluke)

Schistosoma species Paragonimus westermani Clonorchis sinensis

_____ : enter the body through contact with contaminated water, where they penetrate the skin. _____ : eating raw or undercooked fish, watercress, or other water plants contaminated with liver fluke cysts. _____ : eating raw, pickled, or poorly cooked freshwater crustaceans (crabs or crayfish).

Schistosoma species Paragonimus westermani Clonorchis sinensis

they appear round in cross-section with body cavities, a straight alimentary canal and an anus that can be free- living or parasitic

Nematodes

Dioecious – either male or female

Most common parasites: _____ (roundworm) _____ (whipworm) _____ (hookworm) _____ (pinworm/threadworm)

Ascaris Trichuris Ancylostoma & Necator Enterobius

is the largest nematode found in the human intestine

Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm)

Commonly known as whipworm They feed on tissue fluid, not blood.

Trichuris trichiura

Worms can live up to 5 years

commonly known as pinworm/family worm a small white worm with thread-like appearance.

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

commonly known as canine (dog) heartworm but can infect cats and ferrets.

Dirofilaria immitis (Heartworm)

parasitic roundworm that is spread from host to host through bites of mosquitoes

Dirofilaria immitis