Unit 2.1: Bacteriology Flashcards
cause the sexually transmitted infection
“gonorrhea” affecting the genital tract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• cause meningitis affecting the brain and spinal cord as well as sepsis
• may be transmitted through sexual
contact while other is spread through
respiratory droplets
Neisseria meningitidis
• Cause skin and wound infections, catheter-related infections, meningitis, pneumonia, and liver abscess in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• Transmitted through skin-to-skin contact
Corynebacterium jeikeium
• TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain
• Transmitted through air when someone with active TB coughs, sneezes or sings.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Causes meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia
• Can spread through contact with contaminated surfaces, water or people
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Fever, sweats, headaches, back pains and physical weakness,
• central nervous system and the lining of the heart may be affected
• Spreads from animals to people (zoonotic infection)
Brucella: Brucellosis
• Causes fever, renal failure, jaundice,
hemorrhage, and respiratory distress.
• Transmitted through contact with the urine of infected animals, or contaminated water or soil.
Leptospira species: Leptospirosis
• Crohn’s disease associated with intra- abdominal abscesses, appendicitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
• Microbiome disruption: low levels
Bacteroides species
• Caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) affecting nerves leading to difficulty in breathing, muscle paralysis and even death.
• Spread through food, water and air
Clostridium botulinum: Botulism
• Caused by tetanus toxin (TeNT) causing painful muscle spasms.
• Spread through spores of the bacterium entering the body through wound.
Clostridium tetani: Tetanus
• food poisoning: acute gastroenteritis caused by ingestion of contaminated food.
Clostridium perfringens
• cause of skin and soft tissue infections such as abscesses (boils), and cellulitis.
• Commonly spread by direct contact
with an infected person or contaminated objects.
Staphylococcus aureus
• Inflammation of the endocardium and valves of the heart
• Transmitted by direct or indirect contact with contaminated people or objects
Staphylococcus epidermidis: infective
endocarditis
• Cause of pneumonia, bloodstream
infections, meningitis, and urinary tract infections.
• Transmitted by direct or indirect contact with contaminated people or objects.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Cause of community-acquired pneumonia
• spread from person to person by coughing, sneezing or coming into contact with respiratory secretions.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Leading cause of pharyngitis in children as well as scarlet fever and bacteremia.
• Can spread through airborne droplets, skin contact and contaminated surfaces.
Streptococcus pyogenes
• Found naturally in soil and commonly affects livestock and wild animals.
• Humans get sick with anthrax when they come into contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products.
Bacillus anthracis: Anthrax (sepsis)
• Cause of severe stomach cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting.
• Transmitted through contaminated food, water or by contact with animals or people.
Escherichia coli
• Cause of prolonged high fever, fatigue headache, nausea, abdominal pain and constipation.
• Transmitted through contaminated food or water, or by contact with an infected person’s feces.
Salmonella typhi: Typhoid fever
• Transmitted through contaminated food or water, or by contact with an infected person’s feces.
Shigella: shigellosis (intestinal infection)
• Cause of fever, abdominal pain and
cramps, acute diarrhea, and nausea.
• Transmitted through contaminated food, water and contact with animals or people.
Yersinia enterocolitica: Yersiniosis
• Causes diarrhea (frequently bloody),
abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and
sometimes vomiting.
• Commonly associated with poultry, often found in animal feces.
Campylobacter jejuni
• Cause of acute diarrheal illness a result of the production of toxins in the small intestines.
• Spreads through contaminated food or water, or through the feces of an infected person.
Vibrio cholerae: Cholera infection
• Cause of epidemic typhus (high fever) that is spread to people through contact with infected body lice.
Rickettsia prowazekii
