Unit 2: Normal Human Microbial Flora

Question 1

Human Microbiome

Answer 1

Oral microbiome
Urigenital microbiome
Skin microbiome
Digestive tract microbiome

Question 2

A collection of different microbes in an environmental system

Answer 2

Microbiome

Question 3

types of organisms present in a specific environmental habitat

Answer 3

Microbiota

Question 4

Some sites that provide favorable
conditions for microbial growth:

Answer 4

Anoxic and Oxic

Question 5

obligately anaerobic bacteria

Answer 5

Anoxic

Question 6

different kinds of microorganisms

Answer 6

Oxic

Question 7

first line of defense against microbial pathogens
assist in digestion
toxin degradation
maturation of the immune system

Answer 7

Normal microbiota

Question 8

SHIFTS IN THE NORMAL MICROBIOTA MAY CAUSE DISEASE.
_____ and _____ are not considered members of the normal microbial flora.

Answer 8

VIRUSES and PARASITES

Question 9

Gastrointestinal microbiota

Answer 9

Helicobacter
Proteobacteria
Bacteroidetes
Actinobacteria
Fusobacteria
Firmicutes

Question 10

_____ greatly colonizes the
stomach.

Answer 10

Helicobacter pylori

Question 11

______,
______, and _____
dominate gastric
fluid samples.

Answer 11

Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes,
and Actinobacteria

Question 12

_____ and _____ are more
abundant in gastric mucosal samples.

Answer 12

Firmicutes and Proteobacteria

Question 13

_____ promotes the
growth of obligate

Answer 13

ANOXIA

Question 14

anaerobes = ______
and _____

Answer 14

Clostridium and Bacteroides species

Question 15

Bacteria = _____ of the weight of fecal matter

Answer 15

1/3

Question 16

_____ contains microbial nutrients, but it is not a good microbial growth medium.

Answer 16

Saliva

Question 17

_____ and ______ near teeth and gums create favorable conditions for extensive local microbial growth

Answer 17

Food particles and cell debris

Question 18

habitat for species that grow as biofilms, e.g. Dental plaque

Answer 18

Oral cavity

Question 19

Abundant bacterial genera in oral cavity

Answer 19

Streptococcus, Haemophilus,
Veillonella, Actinomyces, and Fusobacterium

Question 20

Minor representation of Methanogenic Archaea and Yeast

Answer 20

Oral microbes

Question 21

microbes bathed with secretions from the mucous membranes

Answer 21

Upper respiratory tract

Question 22

Potential pathogens of upper respiratory tract:
- part of the normal microbiota in the
nasopharynx of healthy individuals
- do not normally develop disease

Answer 22

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 23

No resident microbiota

Answer 23

Lower Respiratory Tract

Question 24

Pathogenic microbes (bacteria or viruses) = _____

Answer 24

Pneumonia

Question 25

- Multiply and cause disease in urethra (changes in pH) - Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in females

Answer 25

Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis

Question 26

a resident organism in the vagina that produces lactic acid that maintains local acidic environment

Answer 26

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Question 27

Microbiota of the skin Sebaceous skin: ______ Moist skin: _______ Dry skin: ______

Answer 27

Propionibacteria Corynebacteria Betaproteobacteria

Question 28

_____ is the most common fungus

Answer 28

Malassezia

Question 29

colonize the skin and cause serious infection

Answer 29

Candida

Question 30

Environmental and host factors influence the composition of the normal skin microbiota:

Answer 30

- Weather - Age of the host - Personal hygiene - Low moisture content & antimicrobial fatty acids