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MICROPARA > Unit 1: Intro > Flashcards

Unit 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

study of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

biological entities that are too small to be seen with our naked eye

A

Microbes

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3
Q

Major groups:
* Bacteria, Algae, Protozoa, Helminths,
and Fungi
* Viruses - noncellular; depend on cells for
replication

A
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4
Q

“Father of Microbiology” and inventor of high-power microscopy.
- He also Crafted >200 microscopes

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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5
Q
  • In _____, he first to see bacteria (he called them
    “_____”) in the rain, seawater, snow, and
    the scum on teeth
A

1676, “wee animacules”

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6
Q

fundamental processes of life

A

(organisation, metabolism and reproduction)

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7
Q

Microbiology uses microbial cells to probe the fundamental processes of life (organization, metabolism and reproduction)

A

Basic biological science

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8
Q

Microbiology is at the forefront of many important breakthroughs in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture, and industry

A

Applied biological science

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9
Q

attempted to disprove the “Spontaneous Generation”

A

Lazaro Spallanzani

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10
Q

demolished “Spontaneous Generation”

A

Louis Pasteur

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11
Q

Developed method to Isolate and culture bacteria (Invented the 4 postulates)

A

Robert Koch

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12
Q

characterized bacterial nitrogen an sulfur transformations; described his work as “Microbial Ecology”, discovered virus TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)

A

Martinus Beijerinck

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13
Q

discovered antibiotic penicillin and enzyme lysosome

A

Alexander Fleming

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14
Q

described Archaea and proposed three domains of life

A

Carl Woese

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15
Q

Invented Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A

Kary Mullis

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16
Q

Used genome sequencing to examine Sargasso Sea and identified 1.2 million previously unknown genes

A

Craig Venter

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17
Q

Introduces Kingdom Protista and the terms “Ecology and Monera”

A

Ernst Haeckel

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18
Q

Developed the concept of chemoautotrophy

A

Sergei Winogradsky

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19
Q

According to him, mice could arise from rags and wheat kernels left in an open container for 3 weeks.

A

Jan Baptista van Helmont

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20
Q

“Life from non-life“, “De novo synthesis”
“Living organisms spring forth from non-living materials”

A

Theory of Spontaneous Generation

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21
Q

earliest recorded scholars to articulate the theory of Spontaneous Generation

A

ARISTOTLE

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22
Q

First to refute the idea that maggots spontaneously on meat left out in the open air.

A

Francesco Redi

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23
Q

“Father of Modern Microbiology and Immunology”

A

Louis Pasteur

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24
Q

Disproved Spontaneous Generation

A

Louis Pasteur

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25
What did Louis Pasteur used in his experiment?
Swan-necked flask
26
Developed in 1881 simple and reproducible method of isolating microorganisms into pure cultures
The Germ Theory of Disease
27
The mold that inhibited the growth of a bacterium
Penicillium chrysogenum
28
mold’s active inhibitor
Penicillin
29
What are the properties of all cell?
Metabolism, Growth, Evolution
30
what are the properties of some cells?
Differentiation, Communication, Genetic exchange, and Motility
31
The study of BACTERIA
Bacteriology
32
The study of FUNGI
Mycology
33
What are the two classifications of microorganisms?
acellular (Infectious agents) and cellular (microorganisms)
34
HORIZONTAL GENE EXCHANGE
Conjugation Transduction Transformation
35
The study of Protozoa
Protozoology
36
The study of ALGAE
Phycology
37
The study of Viruses
VIROLOGY
38
The study of parasitic worms
PARASITOLOGY
39
Who is the GOD OF MEDICINE
ASCLEPIUS
40
The study of Immune System
Immunology
41
______are harmful to certain plants and animals and may cause serious diseases in humans, called ______
Small percentage (<1%), pathogens
42
A process that uses microorganisms to clean up pollution.
Bioremediation
43
antimicrobial chemicals produced by various microorganisms that can kill or retard the growth of infectious microorganisms:
Antibiotics
44
______in the genus Streptomycin
Actinomycetes
45
Discovery of Penicillin by Alexander Fleming
Filamentous fungi
46
Used in food processing and preservation, in the leather and paper industry, and in scientific research
ENZYMES
47
* synthesized by some microorganisms from natural sterols found in plants. anti-inflammatory drugs
STEROIDS
48
immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients
Cyclosporin A
49
blood-cholesterol-lowering agents inhibiting the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol
Statins
50
suspensions of live microorganisms that confer a perceived health benefit on the host
PROBIOTICS
51
rich source of proteins, amino acids, and antioxidants that is used as supplements
YEAST
52
* marine eukaryotic protists * they synthesize high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, squalene, and carotenoids
Thraustochytrids
53
used in microbial biotechnology to synthesize small amounts of very high-value products, such as a human protein
Genetically engineered microbes
54
process of extracting metals from ores with the use of microorganisms
Biomining
55
In the twentieth century, the major causes of human death were _____ caused by bacterial and viral pathogens.
infectious diseases
56
THREAT: Animal disease an infectious disease that is transmitted between species from animals to humans or vice versa.
ZOONOSIS
57
“The role of the infinitely small in nature is infinitely large.” - Louis Pasteur
58
Giant Bacteria
THIOMARGARITA NAMIBIENSIS
59
THIS CAUSES MALARIA
PLASMODIUM
60
Source of red tide
Dino flagellates
61
an example of Protozoa that has different shape
Amoeba
62
first vaccine invented
Smallpox
63
LUCA
Last Universal Common Ancestor
64
examples of prokaryotes
Bacteria and Achaea
65
examples of eukaryotes
Algae, Fungi, Protozoa
66
demostrated TMV as different from other microbes
Wendell Stancey
67
2 types of metabolism
Genetic Catalytic
68
Most of the population are vaccinated
Herd Immunity
69
illnesses caused by pathogens spread by vectors, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas
Vector Borne
70
An example of a human protein
Insulin (made commercially)
71
Product of the anaerobic metabolism of a grasp of archaea called methanogens
Methane
72
Fermented foods
Swiss cheese Sausage Milk Vegetables Yeast
73
Lactobacillus ______ Acetobacteria _____
Lactic acid Acetic acid
74
2 types of vector borne
Mechanical transmission Biological transmission

MICROPARA (9 decks)

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