Unit 2.2: Mycology Flashcards
1
Q
the study of fungi
A
Mycology
2
Q
- eukaryotic microorganisms, non-vascular, non-motile and heterotrophic organisms
- Include Yeast, Molds, Mushroom and Lichen
A
3
Q
They are different from bacteria in many ways:
- Consist of membrane-bound organelles
- Possesses a rigid cell wall that is made up of _____ and polysaccharides (_____ and _____)
- Cytoplasmic membrane is made up of phospholipids with _____ for integrity
A
- chitin and polysaccharides (mannan and glucan)
- Ergosterols
4
Q
- have _____ with nuclear membrane & ______
- They divide ______ and _____
- may be _____ or ______ and lack chlorophyll
A
- Have true nuclei with nuclear membrane & paired chromosomes
- They divide asexually and sexually
- May be unicellular or filamentous and lack chlorophyll
5
Q
Applications of Fungi
A
- Pulp, paper, textile industry
- Food industry
- Biofuel
- Beverage
- Medicine and Biotechnology
- Agriculture
- Environmental management
- Commodities
6
Q
Structure Fungi
A
unicellular yeast and multicellular molds
7
Q
also called as filamentous fungi
A
Molds
8
Q
Mass of hyphae
A
Mycelia
9
Q
Mass of filaments
A
Hyphae
10
Q
Grows in the form of multicellular filaments
A
Molds
11
Q
Consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular wall
A
Hypha
12
Q
In most fungi, hypha is divided into cells by internal cross walls called _____
A
septa
13
Q
Hyphae can be_____ or _____
A
vegetative or reproductive
14
Q
It penetrates the soil or medium to absorb nutrition and moisture
A
Vegetative hyphae
15
Q
These are aerial hyphae and form spores for reproduction.
A
Reproductive hyphae
16
Q
2 types of hypa
A
Septate hypha and Coenocytic hypha
17
Q
usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria & sometimes nuclei to flow between cells
A
septa
18
Q
Their presence is visible to the unaided eye when they form large colonies.
A
molds
19
Q
Also known as sac fungi
A
Ascomycetes/Ascomycota
20
Q
Sexual spore produced within a sac-like called _____
A
ascus
21
Q
Sexual spores: _____
Asexual spores: _____
A
Ascospore
Conidia
22
Q
have hyphae that are divided by cell walls, and each cell contains a single nucleus.
A
Ascomycetes/Ascomycota
23
Q
Also known as conjugated fungi
A
Zygomycetes/Zygomycota
24
Q
produce non-segmented hyphae with several nuclei.
A
Zygomycetes/Zygomycota
25
Zygomycetes/Zygomycota
Their hyphae fuse during sexual reproduction to produce _____
zygospores
26
Zygomycetes/Zygomycota
Asexual reproduction occurs by _____
sporangiospores
27
three common types of molds
Zygomycota
- Rhizomes (bread mold)
Ascomycota
- Aspergillus
- Penicillium
28
cannot create their own food
Heterotrophic
29
obtain nutrients by feeding on the non-living or dead
organic matter such as animals and plants known as detritus
Saprotrophic
30
obtain nutrients from living organisms
Parasitic
31
have a mutually beneficial relationship with another organism.
Symbiotic
32
microorganisms that usually do not cause disease in healthy people, but may become virulent in immunocompromised and unhealthy individuals
Opportunistic pathogens
33
Microscopic unicellular, non-filamentous with single nucleus and eukaryotic organelles
Yeast
34
simplest type of fungus
Yeast
35
Ovoid to ellipsoid in shape
Yeast
36
continuation of the budding process then produces a chain of elongated yeast cells
Pseudohyphae
37
Capable of facultative anaerobic growth,
which allows them to survive in various environments.
Yeast
38
On culture they form smooth creamy colonies
Yaest
39
CHARACTERISTIC OF YEAST
_____: perform aerobic respiration to metabolize carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and water
_____: they ferment carbohydrates and produce ethanol and carbon dioxide.
_____ is used in the brewing, wine- making, and baking industries.
Presence of oxygen
Absence of oxygen
Fermentation
40
_____ species produce ethanol in brewed beverages and carbon dioxide for leavening bread dough.
Saccharomyces
41
WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF YEAST
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Candida albicans
Crytococcus neoformans
42
WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF MOLDS
Rhizopus
Penicillium
Aspergillus
Fusarium
43
Also known as fungi imperfecti / artificial class of fungi
Deuteromycetes/Deuteromycota
44
Most of the human and animal pathogens are present in this class
Deuteromycetes/Deuteromycota
45
produces red rot of sugarcane
Colletrichum falcatum
46
Tikka disease in groundnut
Cercospora personata
47
Grows as yeast and also as elongated cells resembling hyphae
Deuteromycetes/Deuteromycota
48
chains of elongated yeast cells, that arise from buds adhering together in branching chains
Pseudomycelium
49
is a pathogenic yeast-like fungus
Candida Albicans
50
Causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
51
Causes candidiasis
Candida albicans
52
Causes leaf spot in ground nut (Tikka disease)
Cercospora personata
53
Causes ringworm and tines infections
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
54
Occur as filamentous (mold) or as yeasts depending on conditions of growth
DIMORPHIC FUNGI
55
In host tissues or in cultures at 37C: They occur as _____
Yeast
56
In soil and in cultures at 22C: They appear as _____
Molds
57
Cause systemic infections
DIMORPHIC FUNGI
58
Yeast-like forms: reproduce by ____
budding
59
Mold-like forms: produce _____and _____ hyphae
vegetative
aerial
60
Also known as chytrids
Chytridiomycetes/Chytridiomycota
61
Simple and terrestrial aquatic fungi that reproduce asexually by forming motile zoospores with a single flagella
Chytridiomycetes/Chytridiomycota
62
Black wart in Potatoes
Synchytrium endobioticum
63
Also known as club fungi
Basidiomycetes/Basidiomycota
64
Sexually spores are produced externally on a _____
basidium
65
Sexual spores are known as _____
basidiospores
66
The most advanced and most commonly seen fungi
Best decomposers of wood
They decompose both cellulose and lignin.
Basidiomycetes/Basidiomycota
67
Fungal infections or _____ cause a wide range of diseases in humans.
mycoses
68
TYPES OF MYCOSES
SUPERFICIAL
CUTANEOUS
SUBCUTANEOUS
SYSTEMIC
69
Fungal infections of the human body's outermost areas, like the skin's dead outermost layer (epidermis) and the hair.
SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES
70
Caused by fungi called dermatophytes, which invade keratinized tissue (skin, hair and nails)
CUTANEOUS MYCOSES
71
Tinea pedis - (Athletes foot)
Tinea corporis - (Ringworm)
Tinea cruris - (Jock itch
Tinea capitis - (herpes tonsurans)
72
infections limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissue
SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES
73
referred to as ‘Deep mycoses’ (fungal infections that invade the deep organs).
SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
74
