Unit 2.3 The biology of controlling fertility Flashcards
What are infertility treatments and contraception based on?
The biology of fertility
Continuous fertility
Involves the negative feedback of testosterone and results in a continuous production of sperm in the testes
cyclical fertility
Results in females being fertile for 1-2 days each month due to the interaction of the pituitary and ovarian hormones
The period of fertility
The period of time each month when an ovum is released from the ovaries
Super- Ovulation
An increase in ovulation which can lead to multiple births
Artificial insemination
The insertion of semen into the female reproductive tract by some means other than sexual intercourse
IVF
Medical procedure involving the fertilisation of eggs by sperm in a culture dish
Intra- cytoplasmic sperm injection?
procedure where the head of a sperm is drawn into a syringe and added to the eggs cytoplasm to achieve fertilisation. Usually occurs as a part of IVF
Pre- Implantation Genetic diagnosis?
genetic profiling of embryos before implantation to test for known single gene disorders and chromosome abnormalities
what is contraception?
the intentional prevention of conception or pregnancy by artificial or natural means
What is a vasectomy
Vasectomy involves the cutting and tying of the two sperm ducts, thereby preventing the releasing of sperm during sexual activity
Tubal ligation?
involves cutting and tying of the two oviducts to prevent eggs meeting sperm and reaching the uterus
progesterone only pill?
Progesterone only pills contain only progesterone that causes a thickening of the cervical mucus
What are the two indicators for calculating a woman’s fertile period?
- rise in body temperature
- consistency of cervical mucus
what causes cervical mucus to become thinner
increase in oestrogen during the follicular phase
