Unit 2.2 Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Produced by the breakdown of pyruvate
Acetyl Group
A substrate that can be used for respiration instead of carbohydrate
Alternative Respiratory Substances
High energy compound used for energy transfer in cells
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate
The chemical reaction which causes the release of energy from a respiratory substrate
Cellular Respiration
The first substance produced in the citric acid cycle
Citrate
Second stage of aerobic respiration, takes place in the central matrix of the mitochondria.
Citric Acid Cycle
A substance that carries an acetyl group into the citric acid cycle
Coenzyme A
Removes hydrogen from its substrate, important in the citric acid cycle.
Dehydrogenase Enzymes
Collection of proteins attached to a membrane.
Electron Transport Chain
Hydrogen carriers, important in the Citric Acid Cycle
FAD and NAD
Occurs when there is no oxygen present/ in anaerobic conditions
Fermentation
The first stage of cellular respiration, takes place in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Electrons that can yield energy as they are passed through an electron transport chain.
High Energy Electrons
A substance produced during a metabolic pathway, between the substrate and the end product
Intermediates
Produced in animal cells when oxygen is absent
Lactate
Substance that combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle to form citrate
Oxaloacetate
Used to phosphorylate ADP
Inorganic Phosphate
The addition of a phosphate group to a substance
Phosphorylation
The end product of glycolysis
Pyruvate
The substrate usually broken down during cellular respiration
Glucose
The enzyme which catalyses the regeneration of ATP from ADP + Pi
ATP Synthase
The stage of glycolysis where there is a regeneration of 4 ATP molecules
Pay off Stage
The stage of glycolysis where 2 ATP molecules are broken down to release energy
Energy Investment Stage
The final products of respiration in the absence of oxygen in plant and yeast cells
Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
