Unit 1 Gene expression Flashcards
Amino Acid
Unit of polypeptide/protein
Anticodon
Sequence of three bases on tRNA that codes for an amino acid
Codon
Sequence of three bases on mRNA that specifies an amino acid
Exon
Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein
Gene Expression
Transcription and translation
Intron
Non-coding sequence of DNA
Mature transcript (Messenger RNA)
Carries copy of the DNA code (Exons only) to a ribosome
Molecular interactions
Various chemical links joining amino acids and giving protein molecules their shape
Peptide bonds
Strong chemical links in the primary structure of polypeptides
Phenotype
Outward appearance of an organism
Polypeptide
Short strand of amino acids
Post-translational modification
Changes made to polypeptide structure following translation
Primary transcript
Molecule made when DNA is transcribed (Introns and Exons)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Type of RNA that makes up ribosomes
Ribosome
Size of protein synthesis; composed of rRNA and protein
RNA
ribonucleic acid which occurs in three forms in cells
RNA polymerase
Enzyme involved in synthesis of primary transcript from DNA
RNA splicing
Joining of exons following the removal of introns from a primary transcript
Transcription
Copying of a DNA sequence to make a primary transcript
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfers specific amino acids to the mRNA on the ribosomes
Translation
Production of a polypeptide using mRNA sequence
Uracil
RNA base that replaces Thymine
Types of Post-translational modification
Cleavage and Addition of Chemical groups
Unit of polypeptide/protein
Amino Acid
