Unit 2.2 Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
To release energy from glucose and regenerate ATP.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate.
What are the components of an ATP molecule?
Adenosine and three phosphate groups.
How is energy released from ATP?
By breaking the bond of the third phosphate group, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate).
What is phosphorylation?
An enzyme-controlled process that adds a phosphate group to a molecule.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm.
What are the two phases of glycolysis?
Energy Investment Phase and Energy Payoff Phase.
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
What combines with oxaloacetate to start the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl-CoA.
What are the products of the citric acid cycle?
ATP, NADH, and CO₂.
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
In the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What donates electrons to the electron transport chain?
NADH.
What drives ATP synthesis in the electron transport chain?
Hydrogen ions flowing through ATP synthase.
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen, forming water.
