2.7 Genetic Controll Of Metabolism Flashcards
Simplify the ratio 64:4
16:1
What enzyme joins fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
DNA Ligase
Draw and label a nucleotide.
A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine).
Calculate 32% of 95.
30.4
Where do primers bind in DNA replication?
Primers bind to the single-stranded DNA to initiate DNA synthesis at the replication fork.
Name the two molecules that make up the backbone of DNA.
Phosphate group and deoxyribose sugar.
What is the average of 5, 6, 9, 2, and 4?
5.2
Explain how DNA polymerase adds free nucleotides.
DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand using the base-pairing rules (A with T, C with G).
Name the proteins that DNA is packaged with.
Histones
Calculate the percentage increase from 50 to 90.
80% increase
Where does DNA replication happen in the cell?
In the nucleus (in eukaryotes).
What type of bonds hold the bases together in DNA?
Hydrogen bonds
Name two energy sources for microorganisms.
Light and chemical compounds.
What is the advantage of producing secondary metabolites?
Secondary metabolites can help microorganisms defend against competitors and predators or can be used in industrial applications.
Why do microorganisms die in the death phase?
Due to a lack of nutrients, accumulation of waste products, and inability to divide.
What conditions should be controlled when growing microorganisms?
Temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and nutrient availability.
Explain why Melvin does not have a nucleus and describe his organization of DNA instead.
Melvin could be a prokaryotic cell (e.g., bacteria), where DNA is in a single circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region rather than a membrane-bound nucleus.
What is recombinant DNA technology?
It involves combining DNA from different sources to create new genetic combinations.
What is a vector in recombinant DNA technology?
A vector is a DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic information into another cell.
Name two types of vectors.
Plasmids and artificial chromosomes.
What type of vector is used for large volumes of foreign DNA?
Artificial chromosomes.
How are complementary sticky ends produced?
By using the same restriction endonuclease to cut both the plasmid and the gene from the chromosome.
What is the role of ligase in recombinant DNA technology?
Ligase seals the gene into the plasmid, joining the sticky ends.
What enzyme creates sticky ends?
Restriction endonucleases.
