Gene Expression

Question 1

Gene expression

Answer 1

Involves transcription and translation of DNA sequences. Only a fraction of the genes in a cell are expressed.

Question 2

Transcription

Answer 2

Process of synthesising RNA from a DNA template

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

Synthesising proteins from from an mRNA template at a ribosome

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

Single stranded molecule composed of nucleotides containing: ribose sugar, phosphate and A-U G-C bases

Question 5

mRNA

Answer 5

Carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 6

tRNA

Answer 6

Carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome and has an anti codon at one end that base pairs with a codon on the mRNA

Question 7

rRNA

Answer 7

Forms the ribosome along with proteins

Question 8

Codon

Answer 8

Triplet of bases on the mRNA molecule that code for a specific amino acid

Question 9

Anti codon

Answer 9

Found on a tRNA molecule. Sequences of nucleotides that are complementary to codons

Question 10

RNA Polymerase

Answer 10

Enzyme that synthesises RNA from RNA by complementary base pairing with DNA

Question 11

RNA splicing

Answer 11

Process of removing non-coding introns from the primary transcript and joining coding exons to form a mature transcript

Question 12

Intron

Answer 12

Non coding regions in the primary transcript

Question 13

Exon

Answer 13

Coding regions of the primary transcript

Question 14

Alternative RNA splicing

Answer 14

Different mature transcripts are produced from the same primary transcript. Depending on what exons are retained

Question 15

Protein

Answer 15

3 dimensional formed by the folding pollypeptide chains. Which determines there functions

Question 16

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 16

Bonds that hold amino acids together with a protein

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

Observable characteristics of an organism determined by gene expression and environmental factors