Unit 2 - Transport systems in animals

Question 1

What is in the circulatory system?

Answer 1

The heart, blood and blood vessels

Question 2

What is the circulatory systems main function?

Answer 2

To transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body

Question 3

What are the three main parts of blood?

Answer 3

Plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells

Question 4

What is plasma?

Answer 4

The liquid part of blood that carries many substances such as sugars, salts, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, water and carbon dioxide

Question 5

What is the role of the red blood cells?

Answer 5

To transport oxygen around the body

Question 6

What is the role of white blood cells?

Answer 6

To fight off infection as part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens

Question 7

What are pathogens?

Answer 7

Disease causing microorganisms (bacteria, viruses and fungi)

Question 8

What are the two types of white blood cells?

Answer 8

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 9

What are phagocytes?

Answer 9

They engulf pathogens and digest them. This process destroys the pathogen, it is called phagocytosis

Question 10

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 10

They destroy pathogens by producing antibiotics. Each antibody is specific to a particular function

Question 11

What is the wall of the heart made of?

Answer 11

Cardiac muscle

Question 12

What side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood?

Answer 12

Left side

Question 13

What side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?

Answer 13

Right side

Question 14

What is the role of valves in the heart?

Answer 14

Valves prevent the backflow of blood

Question 15

What is the coronary artery?

Answer 15

It provides a supply of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. If this is blocked it results in a heart attack.

Question 16

Describe the structure of red blood cells

Answer 16

Biconcave

Question 17

How does the structure of a red blood cell help it carry out its function?

Answer 17

The biconcave structure gives the cell a large surface area, for effective transport of oxygen and nutrients. They also don’t have a nucleus so there is more space for haemoglobin.

Question 18

What is haemoglobin and what is its role?

Answer 18

It is a protein in red blood cells which binds oxygen, allowing it to be transported

Question 19

What is the role of arteries?

Answer 19

To carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 20

Describe the structure of arteries

Answer 20

Thick muscular wall, narrow central cavity and carries blood at high pressures

Question 21

What is the role of veins?

Answer 21

To carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 22

Describe the structure of veins

Answer 22

Thin muscular wall, wide central cavity, with valves carrying blood at a low pressure.

Question 23

What is the role of capillaries?

Answer 23

To exchange nutrients between blood and tissues while connecting arteries and veins together

Question 24

Describe the structure of capillaries

Answer 24

Single cell wall and very small making them efficient to transport nutrients