Unit 2 - KA2 Control and communication

Question 1

What is in the nervous system?

Answer 1

The nervous system consists of the central nervous system and other nerves

Question 2

What is in the central nervous system?

Answer 2

The brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Function of the cerebrum

Answer 3

Responsible for conscious thought, reasoning, memory and emotion

Question 4

Function of the Cerebellum

Answer 4

Responsible for balance and movement

Question 5

Function of the medulla

Answer 5

Controls heart rate and breathing rate

Question 6

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Answer 6

Sensory neuron, Inter neuron and motor neuron

Question 7

What does the sensory neuron do?

Answer 7

Passes information to the central nervous system

Question 8

What does the inter neuron do?

Answer 8

Receives signals from the sensory neuron and passes it on to the motor neuron

Question 9

What does the motor neuron do?

Answer 9

Enable a response to occur at an effector ( a muscle or gland ) allowing the body to respond to external stimuli

Question 10

What is a receptor?

Answer 10

A cell within the sense organ which detects sensory input/stimuli

Question 11

What are neurons?

Answer 11

Cells that are specialised to transmit electrical impulses

Question 12

What is a chemical messenger?

Answer 12

Chemicals pass along the synapse ( a gap inbetween neurons ) to allow the message to continue to the next neuron

Question 13

What do endocrine glands release?

Answer 13

Endocrine glands release hormones into the blood stream

Question 14

What is a hormone?

Answer 14

A protein that is released into the blood and acts as a chemical messenger

Question 15

What is target tissue?

Answer 15

Has complementary receptor proteins on its surface for specific hormones, so only that tissue will be affected by these hormones

Question 16

Role of insulin

Answer 16

Hormones that is released if blood glucose concentration increases

Question 17

Role of glucagon

Answer 17

Hormone that is released if blood glucose concentration decreases

Question 18

Role of glycogen

Answer 18

A storage molecule created when there is too much glucose in the blood stream. Stored in the liver.

Question 19

Role of pancreas

Answer 19

An endocrine gland that releases the hormones insulin and glucagon

Question 20

Role of the liver

Answer 20

The target tissue for the hormones insulin and glucagon. Stores glycogen.

Question 21

Increase in blood glucose concentration

Answer 21

1. After eating high carb meal, blood glucose concentration increases.
2. This increase is detected by the pancreas, which releases insulin.
3. Glucose molecules are stored in the liver as glycogen.
4. Blood glucose concentration returns to normal.

Question 22

Decrease in blood glucose concentration

Answer 22

1. This change is detected by the pancreas.
2. The pancreas releases the hormones insulin glucagon.
3. Glucagon targets the liver which breaks down the glycogen into glucose.
4. Glucose moves into the bloodstream and the blood concentration returns to normal.