Unit 2: Topic 1 - Contextualizing Period 2 Flashcards
How did the French and Dutch’s focus on trade affect the relationships between Europeans and Native Americans?
The French and Dutch focus on trade created friendlier and more cooperative relationships — more so than the relationships between the Spanish and the Native Americans.
It was necessary for the Dutch and French to keep good relations with the Natives because trade was mutually beneficial for both parties. It was not sensible to compromise these relationships with violence.
How did Spanish settlers treat the Native Americans?
The Spanish treated the Natives with violent, brutal conquest and enslaved them in the encomienda system for labor. In other cases, Spanish settlers had relationships with Native women, resulting in racial designations seen in the caste system. The mission system, was used by the Spanish to convert Natives.
Encomienda system is a form of forced, unpaid labor that enslaved Native Americans in a corrupt system that stole Native land and forced their labor in exchange for protection and education that often wasn’t fulfilled.
Other than Spain, what other imperial power attempted to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism?
The French attempted converting the Natives to Catholicism through Jesuit priests, however, rarely by force.
In Spanish colonies, how did the encomienda system force labor from the Native Americans?
Land grants were provided to Spanish explorers, entitling them to the labor of the Natives living there. In return, the laborers were to expect military protection and education from their conqueror.
What system did the Spanish use to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism?
The mission system, which created new communities where the Native Americans received religious education and instruction, was used to religiously convert Natives.
This system established a chain of missions in California and Southwest North America. Along with Catholicism, Spanish culture and disease was spread to Native Americans at these sites.
What were Spain’s economic goals when colonizing the Americas?
Gold and silver mining and sugar plantations were Spain’s main economic goals in the New World.
What were Britain’s economic motivations for colonizing the Americas?
Britain’s main economic motivation for colonizing the Americas was mercantilism. Mercantilism, a process by which colonies would provide raw materials to the mother country for manufacturing and trade, and the opportunity to own land.
What were British colonizer’s religious motivations for migrating to North America?
Colonists migrated to North America seeking religious freedom. Both Catholics and radical Protestants, in opposition of the Church of England, often chose to migrate to the Americas.
What was the primary motivation for establishing the Chesapeake colonies?
The primary reason for establishing the Chesapeake colonies was for the cultivation of cash crops, notably tobacco.
What was the primary motivation for establishing the New England colonies?
The primary reason for establishing the New England colonies was religious freedom.
Explain the role religion played in the establishment of the New England colonies.
English Puritans founded settled the New England colonies to freely practice Protestantism.
Puritans were English Protestants who wanted to eliminate Catholiscism from Anglican religoius practices. They hoped to purify the Church of England.
The Massachusetts Bay Colony, the “city upon a hill,” was settled by thousands of Puritans led by governor John Winthrop. The phrase “city upon a hill,” from one of Winthrop’s sermons, described Winthrop’s expectation that the colony would act as an example to the world because of their model community.
Rhode Island was settled by Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson, who were banned from the Bay Colony because of their respective religious views. This colony was more religiously tolerant.
What were the different economies of the colonial regions?
The southern colonies had a plantation-based economy. Because of the region’s long growing season, the southern colonies planted crop such as rice, relying on the labor of enslaved Africans.
The middle colonies relied on an export economy based upon wheat and cereal crops, earning the nickname of the “Breadbasket Colonies.”
The Chesapeake region’s economy relied on the cash crop of tobacco.
The New England colonies relied on a mixed economy of farming and trade.
What was the consumer revolution?
Trans-atlantic trade generated massive wealth for the elites of society and transformed North American seaports into urban centers. As a result, affluent societies began purchasing more goods, in what was known as the consumer revolution.
Colonists then began associating societal status to financial success, which was previously associated with what family one came from.
What was chattel slavery?
Chattel slavery was a system of slavery that considered people to be legally owned property. This system would continue to grow and become the primary form of slavery in the United States.
