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701 Anatomy > Unit 2 Thoracic wall, pleural cavity and lungs > Flashcards

Unit 2 Thoracic wall, pleural cavity and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

thoracic cage also called

A

rib cage

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2
Q

floor =

A

respiratory diaphragm

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3
Q

thoracic inlet also known as

A

superior aperture

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4
Q

thoracic outlet also known as

A

inferior aperture

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5
Q

true ribs

A

1-7
have their own coastal cartilages

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6
Q

false ribs

A

8-10
indirect attachment to sternum

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7
Q

floating ribs

A

11 and 12
no sternal attachment
embed in abdominal oblique

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8
Q

three line that makes the thorax

A

midsternal line
parasternal line
midclavicular line

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9
Q

2 clavicular space

A

supraclavicular space
infraclavicular space

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10
Q

right lungs

A
  • 3 valves
  • 3 cm above clavicle in midclavicular line
  • follow inferior along parasternal line to 6th rib
  • follow lateral to midclavicular line
  • continue laterally to 8th rib and posterity to 10th rib
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11
Q

left lung

A

2 valves
- 3cm above midclavicualr line
-follow inferior along parasternal line
- follow along the curvature of the heart to the 6th rib (the heart occupies more space on the left side)
- follow lateral to midclavicular line
- continue laterally to 8th ride and posterity to 10th rib

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12
Q

costochondral joint

A
  • sternal end of rib with lateral end of costal cartilage
  • Primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis -no movement here)
  • strengthened by periosteum surrounding bone and cartilage
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13
Q

dislocation

A
  • rib separation
  • usually 3-7 (tends to lift)
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14
Q

sternocostal joint

A

-costal cartilages with sternum
- primary cartilaginous joint (1st rib)
-synovial plane joint (ribs 2-7)
- strengthened by radiate sternocostal ligaments

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15
Q

costovertebral joint complex

A
  • two joint
  • costovertebral joint
  • costotransverse joint
  • plane / gliding
  • strengthened by radiate ligament
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16
Q

costovertebral joint

A

head of rib with costal facets of vertebrae

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17
Q

cosotransverse joint

A

tubercle of rib with traverse process of vertebrae

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18
Q

what allows bucket handle movement

A

middle 1/3 of ribs 7-10 are lower than the sternal or vertebral ends. this allows for movement of the rib to shaft laterally

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19
Q

what allows pump handle movement

A

elevation of ribs 1-6 move the sternum superiorly and anteriorly

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20
Q

diaphragm

A
  • involuntary and voluntary muscles
  • origin: costal part, lumbar part, sternal part
  • insertion: central tendon
    inn: phrenic nerve (c3-c5)
  • openings - naval opening, esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus
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21
Q

costal part

A

inferior border of the ribs (7-12)

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22
Q

lumbar part

A

vertebral bodies L1-L3, ALL, arcuate ligament

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23
Q

sternal part

A

posterior surface of xiphoid process

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24
Q

openings of diaphragm

A

caval opening
esophageal
hiatus
aortic hiatus

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25
Q

insertion of diaphragm

A

central tendon

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26
Q

what innervates the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve
c3-5

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27
Q

caval opening

A

IVC, phrenic nerve branches

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28
Q

esophageal hiatus

A

esophagus
vagal trunks

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29
Q

aortic hiatus

A

descending aorta
thoracic duct

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30
Q

what keeps the diaphragm alive

A

C 3,4, and 5 keeps the diaphragm Alvie

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31
Q

blood supply for diaphragm

A

superior and inferior phrenic arteries, musculophrenic artery

32
Q

muscles of the thoracic wall - accessory muscles of respiration

A

external intercostals
internal intercostals
innermost intercostals
transversus thoracis
subcostal muscle
lavatories costar

33
Q

inspiration muscles

A

lavatores costarum
external intercostal

34
Q

expiration muscles

A

internal intercostal
innermost intercostal
subcostal muscle
transversus thoracis

35
Q

External intercostals
internal intercostals
innermost intercostals

A

O: inferior border of ribs
I: superior border of ribs
Inn: intercostal nerves
Blood: intercostal arteries

36
Q

external intercostal muscles

A
  • fibers move in an inferomedial direction (anterior view)
  • elevates the ribs during force inspiration
    provides support for the thoracic age during respiration
36
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A
  • fibers move in a posterior inferolateral direction (anterior view)
  • depress the ribs during force expiration
  • provide support for the thoracic cage during respiration
  • intercondral portion of muscle contributes to elevation of ribs
37
Q

innermost intercostal muscles

A

-fibers move in a posterior inferolateral direction (anterior/lateral view)
- occupy middle 2/4 of the rib
- depress the ribs during force expiration (work with internal intercostals)
- provides support for the thoracic cage during respiration / increased muscle tone and rigidity

38
Q

serratus posterior - superior

A

O: nuchal ligament - spinous process C7-T2
I: Superior border of ribs 2-5
Inn: intercostal nerves
Blood: PIA

39
Q

Serratus Posterior - inferior

A

O: spinous process of T11-L2
I:Inferior border of ribs 9-12
Inn: intercostal nerves
Blood: PIA

40
Q

what muscles are proprioceptive feedback to the brain?

A

serratus posterior - respiratory muscles

41
Q

subcostal muscle

A

O: internal surface of lower ribs
I: superior border (internal surface) of ribs 2-3 inferior to origin
Inn: intercostal nerves
Blood: PIA and musculophrenic artery
- depress the ribs during expiration
-provides support for thoracic cage during respiration

42
Q

transversus thoracis

A

O: posterior sternum body and xyphoid process, costal cartilages 4-7
I:internal surface of costal cartilage 2-6
Inn: intercostal nerves
Blood: branches of internal thoracic arteries
- depress - expiration
- support for the intercostal spaces and thoracic cage during respiration

43
Q

levatores costtarum

A

O: c7-t11 transverse processes
I:adjacent rib
Inn: dorsal rami C8-T11
Blood: PIA
- elevate - inspiration
-contributes to rotation of the thoracic spine

44
Q

muscles of inspiration action

A

contraction of diaphragm, intercostal muscles increases diameter of thoracic cage

45
Q

accessory muscles for inspiration

A
  • sternocledomastoid (elevates the sternum)
  • scalene muscles (elevate upper ribs)
  • lavatories costarum (elevate rib)
  • muscles of back and upper limb (trap, pec)
46
Q

muscles of expiration action

A

passive recoil of lungs and thoracic cage; intercostal muscles decrease diameter of thoracic cage

47
Q

accessory muscles for expiration

A

-abdominal muscles (depress lower ribs and compress abdominal contents)
-subcostal muscles (depress ribs)
-transversus thoracis (depress ribs)

48
Q

what nerves supply the thoracic wall

A

spinal nerves T1-T11

49
Q

What forms the intercostal nerves

A

ventral (anterior) rami T1-T12

50
Q

what forms the thoraco abdominal nerve

A

T7-T11 only

51
Q

Subcostal nerve is made up of

A

T12 - anterior ramus

52
Q

Dorsal (posterior) rami supply what region?

A

thoracic region (joints, back muscles and skin)

53
Q

this connects each intercostal nerve to the sympathetic trunk?

A

rami communicantes

54
Q

what is the job of sympathetic nerve fibers?

A

can use spinal nerves to reach vessels and glands in thoracic wall

55
Q

dermatomes of the thorax is from?

A

posterior ramus and cutaneous branches of anterior ramus

56
Q

another name for shingles

A

herpres zoster infection

57
Q

Dermatome distribute skin lesion may occur when

A

varicella zoster virus is reactivated (dorsal root ganglion)

58
Q

true or false: posterior and anterior intercostal arteries communicate via anastomoses

A

true

59
Q

3 intercostal arteries

A
  • posterior -branch from aorta
  • anterior branch from internal thoracic artery (1-6)
  • musculophrenic artery (7-9)
60
Q

intercostal artery of rib 12 makes the

A

subcostal artery - branch of the thoracic aorta

61
Q

what accompanies the arteries in the costal space

A

intercostal veins

62
Q

what drains to the internal thoracic veins

A

anterior intercostals vein

63
Q

what drains to azygos and hemiazygos vein

A

posterior intercostals vein

64
Q

what is between the visceral and parietal layers

A

serous fluid

65
Q

which pleura attaches to the lung

A

visceral pleura

66
Q

which pleura attaches to the thoracic wall

A

parietal pleura

67
Q

what meets at the hilum

A

parietal and visceral pleura

68
Q

which artery carries blood to the lungs and branches to lobar arteries

A

pulmonary artery

69
Q

the importance of pulmonary veins

A

right and left superior and inferior pulmonary veins return blood to the heart

70
Q

bronchial arteries supply to

A

-lungs, tissue of lungs and visceral pleura
-branches of the aorta

71
Q

what is located posterior to carina and is the main innervation to the lung

A

posterior pulmonary plexus

72
Q

open pneumothorax

A

punctured hole or the rib
heart is able to shift L/R

73
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

punctured hole of the rib but air is not getting out - the heart is on one side

74
Q

Closed pneumothorax

A

visceral pleura tear - no hole but it heals by itself

701 Anatomy (18 decks)

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