mediastinum and heart unit 2 Flashcards
what is the mediastinum
space between pleural sacs
mediastinum is broken into 2, which is?
inferior and superior mediastinum
what separates the inferior and superior mediastinum
sternal angle
inferior mediastinum is split into three, which is
anterior mediastinum
posterior mediastinum
middle mediastinum
what’s in the superior mediastinum region
trachea
thymus gland
brachiocephalic veins
vagus nerves
phrenic nerves
brachiocephalic trunk
aortic arch
superior vena cava
left common carotid
subclavian arteries
recurrent laryngeal nerves
cardiac nerves
sympathetic trunk
what is response for training the T cells
thymus gland
what becomes the vagus trunk after it reaches the heart
vagus nerve
brachiocephalic trunk (artery) breaks into?
right subclavian artery
right common carotid artery
left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery come off from?
aortic arch
what’s in the inferior mediastinum - anterior division
internal thoracic artery and vein
thymus gland (also in superior mediastinum)
inferior mediastinum - posterior division
esophagus
thoracic aorta and branches
azygos vein
hemiazygos/Accessory hemiazygos veins
thoracic duct
vagus nerve
sympathetic trunk
what’s your largest lymphathetic vessel
thoracic duct
branches of the thoracic aorta supply ?
structures of the thorax
what drains to the venous angle, between the left subclavian and left internal jugular vein
thoracic duct
mind map the path of thoracic duct
right and left lumbar trunks –> thoracic duct at T12 –> aortic opening of diaphragm –> ascends posterior to aortic arch and bases anterior to anterior scalene –> subclavian vein
larynx
C3-C6
Trachea
T4-T5
Tracheal bifurcation
T4/5 (posterior) and manubriosternal junction (anterior)
esophagus has 3 parts
cervical (C6-T1)
thoracic (T1-esophageal opening)
abdominal (diaphragm to cardiac orifice)
sacs that develop in the weak spots of the mucosal lining
diverticula
parabronchial diverticulum
epiphanic diverticulum
innervation of esophagus
sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve to esophageal plexus
parasympathetic innervation
vagus nerve
sympathetic innervation
sympathetic nerve
Pericardium and what is it made up of?
a serous membrane of the heart
made up of: visceral and parietal layer
visceral layer is attached to the
heart
what layer of the pericardium is attached to the fibrous pericardium
parietal layer
what fluid is between the pericardium layers
serous fluid
fibrous pericardium
- not serous
- purpose is to anchor the heart
- anchors inferiorly to the diaphragm
- anchors anteriorly to the sternum
transverse pericardial sinus
passage within the pericardial cavity
- runs between great vessels
- forms during development
- important landmark for cardiac surgery
oblique pericardial sinus
posterior aspect
- runs between pulmonary veins, IVC, and esophagus
innervation of the heart
parasympathetic (vagus nerve) and sympathetic (sympathetic trunk)
conus arteriosus
remnant of prenatal heart tube
chord tendineae
anchors the valve
name two septal defect
atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect
atrial septal defect
incomplete closure of the oval foramen (hole in the heart)
- only clinically significant if causes enlargement of the right atrium and ventricle, due to left to right shunt of blood
ventricular septal defect
25% of all forms of congenital heart disease
- left to right shunt of blood through ventricle, increase pulmonary blood flow causing pulmonary hypertension
when blood is going from left ventricle to the aorta, what valve is it passing through
aortic semilunar valve
angiogram
imaging of blood flow, within blood vessels
