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701 Anatomy > abdominal wall, inguinal region > Flashcards

abdominal wall, inguinal region Flashcards

1
Q

the importance of abdominal wall

A
  • protection and stabilization of abdominal contents
    -surgical access to abdominal contents
  • trunk rotation and flexion (anterior and lateral)
  • maintain and control intra abdominal pressure for parturition and defecation
  • respiration: opposes diaphragm
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2
Q

muscles that makes up the posterior abdominal wall

A

quadrates lumborum muscle
psoas major muscle
iliacus muscle

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3
Q

boundaries of the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

from: costal cartilage or ribs 7-10 and xyphoid process
to: inguinal ligament, anterior superior iliac spine, and pubic tubercle

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4
Q

abdominal wall divisions

A
  • 4 quadrants and 9 regions
  • internal anatomy of the quadrants is important to know for physical examinations
  • RUQ - LUQ - RLQ - LLQ
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5
Q

foregut pain

A

epigastric

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6
Q

midgut pain

A

umbilical

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7
Q

hindgut pain

A

hypogastric

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8
Q

layers of anterior abdominal wall

A
  • skin
  • subcutaneous fascia layers
  • three overlapping muscular sheets with aponeurotic tendinous fascia
    -transversalis fascia
  • peritoneum
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9
Q

1st layer of the anterior abdominal wall

A

skin

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10
Q

2nd layer of the abdominal wall (2 of them)

A

campers fascia (fatty)
scrapas fascia (membraneous)

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11
Q

third layer of abdominal wall

A

external oblique muscle

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12
Q

4th layer of abdominal wall

A

internal oblique muscle

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13
Q

5th layer of abdominal wall

A

transverse abdominal muscle

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14
Q

the layer below the transverse abdominal muscle is

A

transversalis fascia

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15
Q

layer below transversalis fascia

A

endoabdominal (extraperiotneal) fat

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16
Q

layer below endoabdominal fat

A

parietal peritoneum

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17
Q

campers fascia

A

adipose (fatty) layer coursing with cutaneous nerves and blood vessels

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18
Q

scrapas fascia

A

membranous fascial layer deep to the camper’s fascia (inferior to umbilicus)
- fuses with fascia lata of the thigh

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19
Q

clinical importance of “potential space”

A
  • between: membranous scarpa’s fascia and aponeurosis of eternal oblique
  • fluid can accumulate in the potential space (a ruptured urethra)
  • no barriers to prevent superior spreading of the fluid
  • deep fascia of the thigh prevents inferior spreading
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20
Q

muscles of the abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominis
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

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21
Q

actions of the abdominal muscles

A

flex the trunk
rotate the trunk
compress the abdominal viscera

22
Q

the primary muscle that compresses abdominal viscera and the deepest

A

transversus abdominis

23
Q

external oblique origin and insertion

A

O: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
I: linea alba, pubic tubercle and anterior half of iliac crest
(CONTRIBUTES TO THE INGUINAL LIGAMENT)

24
Q

internal oblique origin and insertion

A

O: thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two thirds of iliac crest, and lateral half o inguinal ligament
I: inferior borders of ribs 10-12, lines alba

25
Q

rectus abdominis origin and insertion

A

O: pubic symphysis (medial) and pubic crest (lateral)
I: typhoid process and costal cartilage form ribs 5-7

26
Q

transversus abdominis origin and insertion

A

O: internal surfaces of costal cartilage of ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and iliopsoas fascia
I: Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique and pubic crest

27
Q

contribution of abdominal muscles to the rectus sheath

A

Above arcuate line
EO
IO
TA
TF
Below arcuate line
EO
IO
TA

28
Q

arterial supply of the abdominal wall

A

internal thoracic artery
aorta
external iliac artery

29
Q

what supplies the superior and epigastric arteries and musculophrenic arteries

A

internal thoracic artery

30
Q

what supplies the lower posterior intercostals/subcostal and lumbar arteries

A

aorta

31
Q

what supplies the inferior epigastric arteries

A

external iliac artery

32
Q

innervation of the abdominal wall

A

intercostal nerves:
lateral cutaneous branch
anterior cutaneous branch
thorax-abdominal nerves
subcostal nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve
genitofemoral nerve

33
Q

intercostal nerve of abdominal wall is

A

ventral rami wrapping around body wall between the inner most and internal intercostals (neuromuscular plane)

34
Q

anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment

A

cause of chronic abdominal wall pain

35
Q

Carnett’s sign

A
  • positive: abdominal wall/somatic pain
  • negative: abdominal viscera/visceral pain
36
Q

if increase pain during flexed abdomen which are you most likely going to have? negative or positive carnett’s sign?

A

positive carnett’s sign

37
Q

thorax-abdominal nerves of abdominal wall

A

from intercostals
- innervation of abdominal muscles and cutaneous innervation of body wall (T7-T11)

38
Q

nerves in neurovascular layer between internal oblique and transversus abdominus

A

thorax-abdominal nerves
subcostal nerve
iliohypogastric nerve
ilioinguinal nerve

39
Q

lateral and anterior cutaneous branch of subcostal nerve

A

T12

40
Q

lateral and anterior cutaneous branches of iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1

41
Q

anterior scrotal branch of ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1

42
Q

Genital and femoral branches of genitor femoral nerve

A

L1-L2 (sensory inguinal region)

43
Q

inguinal canal

A
  • deep inguinal ring - entrance
  • transversals fascia forms innermost layer of coverings
  • superficial inguinal ring - exit
44
Q

what comes out of the inguinal anal?

A

spermatic cord with cremaster muscle

45
Q

what covers the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia

46
Q

what makes up the superficial inguinal ring

A

lateral crus
intercrural fibers
medial crus

47
Q

the layers around the inguinal canal

A
  • external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
  • internal oblique muscle
  • transversals fascia
  • parietal peritoneum
  • inguinal ligament
48
Q

supravescial fossa

A

between the median and medial umbilical folds
(site of supravescial hernias (rare)

49
Q

median inguinal fossa

A

between the medial and lateral umbilical folds
(site of direct inguinal hernias)

50
Q

lateral inguinal fossa

A

lateral to the lateral umbilical folds
(site of indirect inguinal hernias)

701 Anatomy (18 decks)

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