Unit 2 : Systematic Carbon Chemistry Flashcards
What types of compounds are described as saturated.
Compounds containing only single cabon -carbon between carbons are described as saturated.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are homolgus series of satuated hydrocarbons.
What types of compounds are described as unsaturated.
Compounds containing atleast one carbon to carbon double bond is unsaturated
Alkenes and alkynes (c-c triple bonds) are homologus series of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Compunds containing c=c double bonds take part in addition reaction where two molecules combine to make on molecule
What happens to saturated compounds when mixed with bromine solution
Saturated Compounds do not decolourise bromine solution
What happens to unsaturated comounds when mixed with bromine solution
Unsaturated compounds decolourise bromine solution quickly.
What are isomers
Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but diffferent structural formula.
Isomers may be in different homologus series and have different physical properties.
The physical properties of compounds can be predicted
:
Presence of -OH or -NH Bonds
-OH bonds and -NH bonds would give rise to hydrogen bonding between molecules.
Solubility - Hyrogen bonding would increase slubility
Boiling Point - Hydrogen Bonding increases boiling point
Volatility - Hydrogen bonding decreases volatility as molecules are closer together.
The physical properties of compounds can be predicted
:
Spatial Arrangment of Polar Covalent Bonds
Polar covalent bonds in the correct arrangement gives rise to permanent dipole-permanent dipole attractions.
Solubility - Polar molecules more likely to be solule in polar solvents
Boiling Point - PD-PD attractions bring molecules closer together and raises b.pt.
Volatility - Closer together molecules are less volatile and less likely to turn into gass
The physical properties of compounds can be predicted
:
Molecular size of molecules
The bigger the molecule, the greater the number of electrons. This increases London dispersion forces between molecules.
Solubility - Solubilty often decreases as molecules get bigger
Boiling Point - Bigger molecuels have stronge LDF raising the boiling point.
Volarility - Bigger moleucles are closer together and decreases volatiltiy.
The physical properties of compounds can be predicted
:
Polarities of Solute and Solvent
Polar covalent and ionic substances tend to be soluable in polar solvents. Non polar solvents tend to dissolve in non-polar solvents.
Solubility- If substance has polar groups, it is more likely to be soluable in water.
Boiling point - No effect
Volatility - No effect
