Unit 2 Study guide Flashcards
Define Epithelial tissue and list six functions
Epithelial tissue is the covering, lining, and glandular tissue of the body.
Its functions include:
- protection,
- absorption,
- excretion,
- filtration,
- secretion,
- and sensory reception.
What are special characteristics of epithelium?
Epithelial tissues exhibit:
- specialized contacts,
- polarity,
- avascularity,
- support from connective tissue,
- and high regenerative capacity.
How is epithelial tissue classified?
Epithelium is classified by arrangement
as simple (one layer) or stratified (more than one layer) and by cell shape a:
squamous, cuboidal, or columnar.
(The terms denoting cell shape and arrangement are combined to describe the epithelium fully)
Which epithelial tissue is this?
Highly adapted for filtration and exchange of substances, it forms walls of air sacs of the lungs and lines blood vessels. It contributes to serosae as mesothelium and lines all hollow circulatory system organs as endothelium.
Simple squamous epithelium
Which epithelial tissue is this?
commonly active in secretion and absorption, is found in glands and in kidney tubules.
Simple cuboidal epithelium
specialized for secretion and absorption, consists of a single layer of tall columnar cells that exhibit microvilli and often mucus-producing cells. It lines most of the digestive tract.
Simple columnar epithelium
a simple columnar epithelium that appears stratified. Its ciliated variety, rich in mucus-secreting cells, lines most of the upper respiratory passages.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
multilayered; cells at the free surface are squamous. It is adapted to resist abrasion. It lines the esophagus and vagina; its keratinized variety forms the skin epidermis.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Tissue that is rare in the body, and are found chiefly in ducts of large glands.
Stratified cuboidal epithelia
a modified stratified squamous epithelium, adapted for responding to stretch. It lines hollow urinary system organs.
transitional epithelium
one or more cells specialized to secrete a product
a gland
A gland
one or more cells specialized to secrete a product.
mucus-secreting single-celled glands
Unicellular exocrine glands
classified according to duct structure as simple or compound, and according to the structure of their secretory parts as tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar.
Multicellular exocrine glands
Connective tissue functions
binding and support, protection, insulation, fat storage, and transportation (blood).
What do connective tissues orignate from?
embryonic mesenchyme
What is an avascular connective tissue?
Cartilage
The structural elements of all connective tissues
extracellular matrix and cells
What does the extracellular matrix consist of?
ground substance and fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular)
Embryonic connective tissue is called
mesenchyme
gel-like ground substance; all three fiber types loosely interwoven; a variety of cells; forms the lamina propria and soft packing around body organs; the prototype.
Areolar
loose connective
consists largely of adipocytes; scant matrix; insulates and protects body organs; provides reserve energy fuel. Brown fat is more important for generating body heat.
Adipose
loose connective
finely woven reticular fibers in soft ground substance; the stroma of lymphoid organs including bone marrow.
Reticular
loose connective
dense parallel bundles of collagen fibers; few cells, little ground substance; high tensile strength; forms tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses; in cases where this tissue also contains numerous elastic fibers it is called elastic connective tissue.
Dense regular
dense connective
fibers are arranged in different planes; resists tension exerted from many different directions; forms the dermis of the skin and organ capsules.
Dense irregular
dense connective
firm ground substance containing collagen fibers; resists compression well; found in embryonic skeleton, at articulating surfaces of bones, and trachea; most abundant type.
Hyaline
cartilage
elastic fibers predominate; provides flexible support of the external ear and epiglottis.
elastic cartilage
parallel collagen fibers; resists both tension and compression well; forms intervertebral discs and knee cartilages.
fibrocartilage
consists of a hard, collagen-containing matrix embedded with calcium salts; forms the bony skeleton.
Bone (osseous tissue)
consists of blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma).
Blood
consists of elongated cells specialized to contract and cause movement.
Muscle tissue
attached to and moves the bony skeleton; cells are cylindrical and striated.
skeletal muscle
forms the walls of the heart; pumps blood; cells are branched and striated.
Cardiac muscle
in the walls of hollow organs; propels substances through the organs; cells are spindle shaped and lack striations.
Smooth muscle
branching cells that receive and transmit electrical impulses. They are involved in body regulation.
Neurons
The cutaneous membrane is (dry/wet); mucous and serous membranes are (dry/wet)
The cutaneous membrane is dry; mucous and serous membranes are wet
____ is the body’s response to injury. Tissue repair begins during the ___ process. It may lead to regeneration, fibrosis, or both.
Inflammation is the body’s response to injury. Tissue repair begins during the inflammatory process. It may lead to regeneration, fibrosis, or both.
When a wound is extensive or the damaged tissue amitotic, it is repaired only by ___ tissue.
dense connective tissue
Scar tissue
What is the role of an exocrine gland?
To secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities.
Where might Keratinized stratified squamous tissue be found
the epidermis
Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?
Simple columnar
Which tissue is this describing:
Multiple layers of cells with apical cells varying in appearance depending on the degree of stretch
Transitional
Which tissue lines the majority of the digestive tract?
Simple columnar
Which epithelial tissue has the function of protection from wear and tear?
Stratified squamous
Which of the following exocrine glands stores its secretion until the gland ruptures?
A holocrine gland
An apocrine gland
A merocrine gland
An endocrine gland
Holocrine glands store secretions until the gland ruptures.
Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes?
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified squamous
Simple squamous
Transitional
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Simple squamous
The role of microvilli is to __________.
Increase surface area
Why are histological sections stained?
Histological sections are stained to enhance contrast.
Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes?
Stratified cuboidal
Stratified squamous
Simple squamous
Transitional
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Simple squamous is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes.
Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells. Thin and often permeable, simple squamous epithelium is found where filtration or the exchange of substances by rapid diffusion is a priority.
Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?
Simple columnar
You observe a multicellular gland with branched ducts and saclike secretory areas. What type of gland would this most likely be?
A compound alveolar exocrine gland
What type of duct structure is this?
Simple tubular
Ex: intestinal glands
What type of duct structure is this?
Simple branched tubular
Ex: gastric glands
What type of duct structure is this?
Compound tubular
Ex: duodenal glands of the small intestine
What type of duct structure is this?
Simple alveolar
What type of duct structure is this?
Simple branched alveolar
Ex: sebaceous glands
What type of duct structure is this?
Compound alveolar
Ex: mammary glands
What type of duct structure is this?
Compound tubuloalveolar
Ex: salivary glands
Match the following epithelial tissue with its location: Stratified cuboidal
- Lines most of the upper respiratory tract
- Walls of the air sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels
- Epidermis of skin
- Mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands)
- Lines the urinary bladder
- Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules
Mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands)
rare in the body, mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands
QUESTION
REVIEWING 2 OF 6
Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Simple cuboidal.
- Skin epidermis
- Lines the urinary bladder
- Lines upper respiratory tract
- Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules
- Walls of the air sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels
Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules
An epithelial tissue that consists of a single layer of flattened cells resting on a basement membrane would be classified as _________.
simple squamous epithelium
A sebaceous (oil) gland cell of the skin must completely rupture to release its secretory products. Thus, this type of gland is considered to be a __________.
holocrine gland
Which epithelial tissue is this best describing?
Secrete substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
Pseudostratified columnar
Label
What is this? Label
This is a goblet cell, and they are important and common unicellular exocrine glands
All exocrine glands ___ products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities.
All exocrine glands secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities.
Blood is classified as a connective tissue because __________.
Blood is considered a connective tissue becauseit arises from mesenchymal tissue and has a nonliving fluid matrix.
Which is not considered to be connective tissue proper?
Areolar tissue
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic connective
Adipose tissue
Hyaline cartilage
Which of the following is not an example of connective tissue?
Transitional
Hyaline cartilage
Compact bone
Blood
Areolar
Transitional tissue is not a connective tissue, it is an epithelial tissue.
phagocytic cells that engulf foreign matter
Macrophages
Function of mast cells
Mast cells secrete histamine
histamine is a substance that makes capillaries leaky
Primary function of Chondroblasts
Chondroblasts build cartilage
primary funciton of Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers
Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.
Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become __
Chondroblasts in cartilage become ___
Osteoblasts in bone become ___
Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes.
Chondroblasts in cartilage become chondrocytes.
Osteoblasts in bone become osteocytes.
___ in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes.
___ in cartilage become chondrocytes.
__ in bone become osteocytes.
Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes.
Chondroblasts in cartilage become chondrocytes.
Osteoblasts in bone become osteocytes.
Which of the following components serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix?
Proteoglycans
Proteases
Elastin proteins
Collagen proteins
Cell adhesion proteins
Cell adhesion proteins
Cell adhesion proteins serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix.
Supports and protects body structures; stores fat; synthesizes blood cells
Bone tissue
Because of its rocklike hardness, bone tissue, or osseous tissue, has an exceptional ability to support and protect body structures. Bones of the skeleton also provide cavities for storing fat and synthesizing blood cells.
