Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Unit 2 Study guide > Flashcards

Unit 2 Study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Define Epithelial tissue and list six functions

A

Epithelial tissue is the covering, lining, and glandular tissue of the body.

Its functions include:
- protection,
- absorption,
- excretion,
- filtration,
- secretion,
- and sensory reception.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are special characteristics of epithelium?

A

Epithelial tissues exhibit:
- specialized contacts,
- polarity,
- avascularity,
- support from connective tissue,
- and high regenerative capacity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is epithelial tissue classified?

A

Epithelium is classified by arrangement

as simple (one layer) or stratified (more than one layer) and by cell shape a:

squamous, cuboidal, or columnar.

(The terms denoting cell shape and arrangement are combined to describe the epithelium fully)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which epithelial tissue is this?

Highly adapted for filtration and exchange of substances, it forms walls of air sacs of the lungs and lines blood vessels. It contributes to serosae as mesothelium and lines all hollow circulatory system organs as endothelium.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which epithelial tissue is this?

commonly active in secretion and absorption, is found in glands and in kidney tubules.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

specialized for secretion and absorption, consists of a single layer of tall columnar cells that exhibit microvilli and often mucus-producing cells. It lines most of the digestive tract.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a simple columnar epithelium that appears stratified. Its ciliated variety, rich in mucus-secreting cells, lines most of the upper respiratory passages.

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

multilayered; cells at the free surface are squamous. It is adapted to resist abrasion. It lines the esophagus and vagina; its keratinized variety forms the skin epidermis.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tissue that is rare in the body, and are found chiefly in ducts of large glands.

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a modified stratified squamous epithelium, adapted for responding to stretch. It lines hollow urinary system organs.

A

transitional epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

one or more cells specialized to secrete a product

A

a gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A gland

A

one or more cells specialized to secrete a product.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mucus-secreting single-celled glands

A

Unicellular exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

classified according to duct structure as simple or compound, and according to the structure of their secretory parts as tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar.

A

Multicellular exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Connective tissue functions

A

binding and support, protection, insulation, fat storage, and transportation (blood).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do connective tissues orignate from?

A

embryonic mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an avascular connective tissue?

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The structural elements of all connective tissues

A

extracellular matrix and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the extracellular matrix consist of?

A

ground substance and fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Embryonic connective tissue is called

A

mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gel-like ground substance; all three fiber types loosely interwoven; a variety of cells; forms the lamina propria and soft packing around body organs; the prototype.

A

Areolar

loose connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

consists largely of adipocytes; scant matrix; insulates and protects body organs; provides reserve energy fuel. Brown fat is more important for generating body heat.

A

Adipose

loose connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

finely woven reticular fibers in soft ground substance; the stroma of lymphoid organs including bone marrow.

A

Reticular

loose connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dense parallel bundles of collagen fibers; few cells, little ground substance; high tensile strength; forms tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses; in cases where this tissue also contains numerous elastic fibers it is called elastic connective tissue.

A

Dense regular

dense connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

fibers are arranged in different planes; resists tension exerted from many different directions; forms the dermis of the skin and organ capsules.

A

Dense irregular

dense connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

firm ground substance containing collagen fibers; resists compression well; found in embryonic skeleton, at articulating surfaces of bones, and trachea; most abundant type.

A

Hyaline

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

elastic fibers predominate; provides flexible support of the external ear and epiglottis.

A

elastic cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

parallel collagen fibers; resists both tension and compression well; forms intervertebral discs and knee cartilages.

A

fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

consists of a hard, collagen-containing matrix embedded with calcium salts; forms the bony skeleton.

A

Bone (osseous tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

consists of blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma).

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

consists of elongated cells specialized to contract and cause movement.

A

Muscle tissue

32
Q

attached to and moves the bony skeleton; cells are cylindrical and striated.

A

skeletal muscle

33
Q

forms the walls of the heart; pumps blood; cells are branched and striated.

A

Cardiac muscle

34
Q

in the walls of hollow organs; propels substances through the organs; cells are spindle shaped and lack striations.

A

Smooth muscle

35
Q

branching cells that receive and transmit electrical impulses. They are involved in body regulation.

A

Neurons

36
Q

The cutaneous membrane is (dry/wet); mucous and serous membranes are (dry/wet)

A

The cutaneous membrane is dry; mucous and serous membranes are wet

37
Q

____ is the body’s response to injury. Tissue repair begins during the ___ process. It may lead to regeneration, fibrosis, or both.

A

Inflammation is the body’s response to injury. Tissue repair begins during the inflammatory process. It may lead to regeneration, fibrosis, or both.

38
Q

When a wound is extensive or the damaged tissue amitotic, it is repaired only by ___ tissue.

A

dense connective tissue

Scar tissue

39
Q

What is the role of an exocrine gland?

A

To secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

40
Q

Where might Keratinized stratified squamous tissue be found

A

the epidermis

41
Q

Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?

A

Simple columnar

42
Q

Which tissue is this describing:

Multiple layers of cells with apical cells varying in appearance depending on the degree of stretch

A

Transitional

43
Q

Which tissue lines the majority of the digestive tract?

A

Simple columnar

44
Q

Which epithelial tissue has the function of protection from wear and tear?

A

Stratified squamous

45
Q

Which of the following exocrine glands stores its secretion until the gland ruptures?

A holocrine gland

An apocrine gland

A merocrine gland

An endocrine gland

A

Holocrine glands store secretions until the gland ruptures.

46
Q

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes?

Stratified cuboidal

Stratified squamous

Simple squamous

Transitional

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

A

Simple squamous

47
Q

The role of microvilli is to __________.

A

Increase surface area

48
Q

Why are histological sections stained?

A

Histological sections are stained to enhance contrast.

49
Q

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes?

Stratified cuboidal

Stratified squamous

Simple squamous

Transitional

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

A

Simple squamous is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes.

Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells. Thin and often permeable, simple squamous epithelium is found where filtration or the exchange of substances by rapid diffusion is a priority.

50
Q

Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?

A

Simple columnar

51
Q

You observe a multicellular gland with branched ducts and saclike secretory areas. What type of gland would this most likely be?

A

A compound alveolar exocrine gland

52
Q

What type of duct structure is this?

A

Simple tubular

Ex: intestinal glands

53
Q

What type of duct structure is this?

A

Simple branched tubular

Ex: gastric glands

54
Q

What type of duct structure is this?

A

Compound tubular

Ex: duodenal glands of the small intestine

55
Q

What type of duct structure is this?

A

Simple alveolar

56
Q

What type of duct structure is this?

A

Simple branched alveolar

Ex: sebaceous glands

57
Q

What type of duct structure is this?

A

Compound alveolar

Ex: mammary glands

58
Q

What type of duct structure is this?

A

Compound tubuloalveolar

Ex: salivary glands

59
Q

Match the following epithelial tissue with its location: Stratified cuboidal

  • Lines most of the upper respiratory tract
  • Walls of the air sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels
  • Epidermis of skin
  • Mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands)
  • Lines the urinary bladder
  • Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules
A

Mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands)

rare in the body, mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands

60
Q

QUESTION
REVIEWING 2 OF 6
Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Simple cuboidal.

  • Skin epidermis
  • Lines the urinary bladder
  • Lines upper respiratory tract
  • Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules
  • Walls of the air sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels
A

Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules

61
Q

An epithelial tissue that consists of a single layer of flattened cells resting on a basement membrane would be classified as _________.

A

simple squamous epithelium

62
Q

A sebaceous (oil) gland cell of the skin must completely rupture to release its secretory products. Thus, this type of gland is considered to be a __________.

A

holocrine gland

63
Q

Which epithelial tissue is this best describing?

Secrete substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

A

Pseudostratified columnar

64
Q

Label

What is this? Label

A

This is a goblet cell, and they are important and common unicellular exocrine glands

65
Q

All exocrine glands ___ products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities.

A

All exocrine glands secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities.

66
Q

Blood is classified as a connective tissue because __________.

A

Blood is considered a connective tissue becauseit arises from mesenchymal tissue and has a nonliving fluid matrix.

67
Q

Which is not considered to be connective tissue proper?

Areolar tissue

Hyaline cartilage

Elastic connective

Adipose tissue

A

Hyaline cartilage

68
Q

Which of the following is not an example of connective tissue?

Transitional

Hyaline cartilage

Compact bone

Blood

Areolar

A

Transitional tissue is not a connective tissue, it is an epithelial tissue.

69
Q

phagocytic cells that engulf foreign matter

A

Macrophages

70
Q

Function of mast cells

A

Mast cells secrete histamine

histamine is a substance that makes capillaries leaky

71
Q

Primary function of Chondroblasts

A

Chondroblasts build cartilage

72
Q

primary funciton of Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers

A

Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

73
Q

Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become __
Chondroblasts in cartilage become ___
Osteoblasts in bone become ___

A

Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes.
Chondroblasts in cartilage become chondrocytes.
Osteoblasts in bone become osteocytes.

74
Q

___ in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes.
___ in cartilage become chondrocytes.
__ in bone become osteocytes.

A

Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes.
Chondroblasts in cartilage become chondrocytes.
Osteoblasts in bone become osteocytes.

75
Q

Which of the following components serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix?

Proteoglycans

Proteases

Elastin proteins

Collagen proteins

Cell adhesion proteins

A

Cell adhesion proteins

Cell adhesion proteins serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix.

76
Q

Supports and protects body structures; stores fat; synthesizes blood cells

A

Bone tissue

Because of its rocklike hardness, bone tissue, or osseous tissue, has an exceptional ability to support and protect body structures. Bones of the skeleton also provide cavities for storing fat and synthesizing blood cells.

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions