Unit 2 Study guide

Question 1

Define Epithelial tissue and list six functions

Answer 1

Epithelial tissue is the covering, lining, and glandular tissue of the body.

Its functions include:
- protection,
- absorption,
- excretion,
- filtration,
- secretion,
- and sensory reception.

Question 2

What are special characteristics of epithelium?

Answer 2

Epithelial tissues exhibit:
- specialized contacts,
- polarity,
- avascularity,
- support from connective tissue,
- and high regenerative capacity.

Question 3

How is epithelial tissue classified?

Answer 3

Epithelium is classified by arrangement

as simple (one layer) or stratified (more than one layer) and by cell shape a:

squamous, cuboidal, or columnar.

(The terms denoting cell shape and arrangement are combined to describe the epithelium fully)

Question 4

Which epithelial tissue is this?

Highly adapted for filtration and exchange of substances, it forms walls of air sacs of the lungs and lines blood vessels. It contributes to serosae as mesothelium and lines all hollow circulatory system organs as endothelium.

Answer 4

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 5

Which epithelial tissue is this?

commonly active in secretion and absorption, is found in glands and in kidney tubules.

Answer 5

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 6

specialized for secretion and absorption, consists of a single layer of tall columnar cells that exhibit microvilli and often mucus-producing cells. It lines most of the digestive tract.

Answer 6

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 7

a simple columnar epithelium that appears stratified. Its ciliated variety, rich in mucus-secreting cells, lines most of the upper respiratory passages.

Answer 7

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 8

multilayered; cells at the free surface are squamous. It is adapted to resist abrasion. It lines the esophagus and vagina; its keratinized variety forms the skin epidermis.

Answer 8

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

Tissue that is rare in the body, and are found chiefly in ducts of large glands.

Answer 9

Stratified cuboidal epithelia

Question 10

a modified stratified squamous epithelium, adapted for responding to stretch. It lines hollow urinary system organs.

Answer 10

transitional epithelium

Question 11

one or more cells specialized to secrete a product

Answer 11

a gland

Question 12

A gland

Answer 12

one or more cells specialized to secrete a product.

Question 13

mucus-secreting single-celled glands

Answer 13

Unicellular exocrine glands

Question 14

classified according to duct structure as simple or compound, and according to the structure of their secretory parts as tubular, alveolar, or tubuloalveolar.

Answer 14

Multicellular exocrine glands

Question 15

Connective tissue functions

Answer 15

binding and support, protection, insulation, fat storage, and transportation (blood).

Question 16

What do connective tissues orignate from?

Answer 16

embryonic mesenchyme

Question 17

What is an avascular connective tissue?

Answer 17

Cartilage

Question 18

The structural elements of all connective tissues

Answer 18

extracellular matrix and cells

Question 19

What does the extracellular matrix consist of?

Answer 19

ground substance and fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular)

Question 20

Embryonic connective tissue is called

Answer 20

mesenchyme

Question 21

gel-like ground substance; all three fiber types loosely interwoven; a variety of cells; forms the lamina propria and soft packing around body organs; the prototype.

Answer 21

Areolar

loose connective

Question 22

consists largely of adipocytes; scant matrix; insulates and protects body organs; provides reserve energy fuel. Brown fat is more important for generating body heat.

Answer 22

Adipose

loose connective

Question 23

finely woven reticular fibers in soft ground substance; the stroma of lymphoid organs including bone marrow.

Answer 23

Reticular

loose connective

Question 24

dense parallel bundles of collagen fibers; few cells, little ground substance; high tensile strength; forms tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses; in cases where this tissue also contains numerous elastic fibers it is called elastic connective tissue.

Answer 24

Dense regular

dense connective

Question 25

fibers are arranged in different planes; resists tension exerted from many different directions; forms the dermis of the skin and organ capsules.

Answer 25

Dense irregular | dense connective

Question 26

firm ground substance containing collagen fibers; resists compression well; found in embryonic skeleton, at articulating surfaces of bones, and trachea; most abundant type.

Answer 26

Hyaline | cartilage

Question 27

elastic fibers predominate; provides flexible support of the external ear and epiglottis.

Answer 27

elastic cartilage

Question 28

parallel collagen fibers; resists both tension and compression well; forms intervertebral discs and knee cartilages.

Answer 28

fibrocartilage

Question 29

consists of a hard, collagen-containing matrix embedded with calcium salts; forms the bony skeleton.

Answer 29

Bone (osseous tissue)

Question 30

consists of blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma).

Answer 30

Blood

Question 31

consists of elongated cells specialized to contract and cause movement.

Answer 31

Muscle tissue

Question 32

attached to and moves the bony skeleton; cells are cylindrical and striated.

Answer 32

skeletal muscle

Question 33

forms the walls of the heart; pumps blood; cells are branched and striated.

Answer 33

Cardiac muscle

Question 34

in the walls of hollow organs; propels substances through the organs; cells are spindle shaped and lack striations.

Answer 34

Smooth muscle

Question 35

branching cells that receive and transmit electrical impulses. They are involved in body regulation.

Answer 35

Neurons

Question 36

The cutaneous membrane is (dry/wet); mucous and serous membranes are (dry/wet)

Answer 36

The cutaneous membrane is dry; mucous and serous membranes are wet

Question 37

____ is the body’s response to injury. Tissue repair begins during the ___ process. It may lead to regeneration, fibrosis, or both.

Answer 37

Inflammation is the body’s response to injury. Tissue repair begins during the inflammatory process. It may lead to regeneration, fibrosis, or both.

Question 38

When a wound is extensive or the damaged tissue amitotic, it is repaired only by ___ tissue.

Answer 38

dense connective tissue | Scar tissue

Question 39

What is the role of an exocrine gland?

Answer 39

To secrete substances onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

Question 40

Where might Keratinized stratified squamous tissue be found

Answer 40

the epidermis

Question 41

Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?

Answer 41

Simple columnar

Question 42

Which tissue is this describing: Multiple layers of cells with apical cells varying in appearance depending on the degree of stretch

Answer 42

Transitional

Question 43

Which tissue lines the majority of the digestive tract?

Answer 43

Simple columnar

Question 44

Which epithelial tissue has the function of protection from wear and tear?

Answer 44

Stratified squamous

Question 45

Which of the following exocrine glands stores its secretion until the gland ruptures? A holocrine gland An apocrine gland A merocrine gland An endocrine gland

Answer 45

Holocrine glands store secretions until the gland ruptures.

Question 46

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes? Stratified cuboidal Stratified squamous Simple squamous Transitional Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Answer 46

Simple squamous

Question 47

The role of microvilli is to __________.

Answer 47

Increase surface area

Question 48

Why are histological sections stained?

Answer 48

Histological sections are stained to enhance contrast.

Question 49

Which of the following epithelial tissue types is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes? Stratified cuboidal Stratified squamous Simple squamous Transitional Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Answer 49

Simple squamous is best adapted for the rapid transport of materials across its membranes. Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells. Thin and often permeable, simple squamous epithelium is found where filtration or the exchange of substances by rapid diffusion is a priority.

Question 50

Mucus that protects your stomach lining is secreted by which type of epithelial cell?

Answer 50

Simple columnar

Question 51

You observe a multicellular gland with branched ducts and saclike secretory areas. What type of gland would this most likely be?

Answer 51

A compound alveolar exocrine gland

Question 52

What type of duct structure is this?

Answer 52

Simple tubular Ex: intestinal glands

Question 53

What type of duct structure is this?

Answer 53

Simple branched tubular Ex: gastric glands

Question 54

What type of duct structure is this?

Answer 54

Compound tubular Ex: duodenal glands of the small intestine

Question 55

What type of duct structure is this?

Answer 55

Simple alveolar

Question 56

What type of duct structure is this?

Answer 56

Simple branched alveolar Ex: sebaceous glands

Question 57

What type of duct structure is this?

Answer 57

Compound alveolar Ex: mammary glands

Question 58

What type of duct structure is this?

Answer 58

Compound tubuloalveolar Ex: salivary glands

Question 59

Match the following epithelial tissue with its location: Stratified cuboidal - Lines most of the upper respiratory tract - Walls of the air sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels - Epidermis of skin - Mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands) - Lines the urinary bladder - Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules

Answer 59

Mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands (sweat glands, mammary glands) | rare in the body, mostly found in the ducts of some of the larger glands

Question 60

QUESTION REVIEWING 2 OF 6 Match the following epithelial tissue with a body location where it can be found: Simple cuboidal. - Skin epidermis - Lines the urinary bladder - Lines upper respiratory tract - Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules - Walls of the air sacs of the lungs and lining blood vessels

Answer 60

Walls of smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules

Question 61

An epithelial tissue that consists of a single layer of flattened cells resting on a basement membrane would be classified as _________.

Answer 61

simple squamous epithelium

Question 62

A sebaceous (oil) gland cell of the skin must completely rupture to release its secretory products. Thus, this type of gland is considered to be a __________.

Answer 62

holocrine gland

Question 63

Which epithelial tissue is this best describing? Secrete substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action

Answer 63

Pseudostratified columnar

Question 64

# Label What is this? Label

Answer 64

This is a goblet cell, and they are important and common unicellular exocrine glands

Question 65

All exocrine glands ___ products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities.

Answer 65

All exocrine glands secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities.

Question 66

Blood is classified as a connective tissue because __________.

Answer 66

Blood is considered a connective tissue because**it arises from mesenchymal tissue and has a nonliving fluid matrix.**

Question 67

Which is not considered to be connective tissue proper? Areolar tissue Hyaline cartilage Elastic connective Adipose tissue

Answer 67

Hyaline cartilage

Question 68

Which of the following is not an example of connective tissue? Transitional Hyaline cartilage Compact bone Blood Areolar

Answer 68

Transitional tissue is not a connective tissue, it is an epithelial tissue.

Question 69

phagocytic cells that engulf foreign matter

Answer 69

Macrophages

Question 70

Function of mast cells

Answer 70

Mast cells secrete histamine | histamine is a substance that makes capillaries leaky

Question 71

Primary function of Chondroblasts

Answer 71

Chondroblasts build cartilage

Question 72

primary funciton of Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers

Answer 72

Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

Question 73

Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become __ Chondroblasts in cartilage become ___ Osteoblasts in bone become ___

Answer 73

Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes. Chondroblasts in cartilage become chondrocytes. Osteoblasts in bone become osteocytes.

Question 74

___ in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes. ___ in cartilage become chondrocytes. __ in bone become osteocytes.

Answer 74

Fibroblasts in connective tissue proper become fibrocytes. Chondroblasts in cartilage become chondrocytes. Osteoblasts in bone become osteocytes.

Question 75

Which of the following components serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix? Proteoglycans Proteases Elastin proteins Collagen proteins Cell adhesion proteins

Answer 75

Cell adhesion proteins Cell adhesion proteins serve mainly as a connective tissue glue that allows connective tissue cells to attach to the extracellular matrix.

Question 76

Supports and protects body structures; stores fat; synthesizes blood cells

Answer 76

Bone tissue Because of its rocklike hardness, bone tissue, or osseous tissue, has an exceptional ability to support and protect body structures. Bones of the skeleton also provide cavities for storing fat and synthesizing blood cells.