Bone Lab Flashcards
Axial skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that includes the bones of the head and trunk.
The portion of the skeleton that includes the bones of the head and trunk.
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that includes the bones of the limbs and their associated girdles.
The portion of the skeleton that includes the bones of the limbs and their associated girdles.
Appendicular skeleton
Foramen
A small opening or hole in a bone that allows for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
A small opening or hole in a bone that allows for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
Foramen
Meatus
A canal or passage in a bone that is often associated with the ear or nasal cavity.
A canal or passage in a bone that is often associated with the ear or nasal cavity.
Meatus
Condyle
A rounded protuberance at the end of a bone, often involved in joint formation.
A rounded protuberance at the end of a bone, often involved in joint formation.
Condyle
Epicondyle
A small protuberance located near a condyle, often associated with muscle attachment.
A small protuberance located near a condyle, often associated with muscle attachment.
Epicondyle
Process
A bony projection or prominence on a bone, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.
A bony projection or prominence on a bone, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.
Process
Fossa
A shallow depression or groove in a bone, often used to articulate with another bone.
A shallow depression or groove in a bone, often used to articulate with another bone.
Fossa
Tubercle
A small, rounded bony projection or bump, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.
A small, rounded bony projection or bump, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.
Tubercle
Tuberosity
A large, roughened bony prominence, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.
A large, roughened bony prominence, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.
Tuberosity
What is the overall function of the bones of the Axial skeleton? What is the primary function of the bones of the Appendicular skeleton?
The Axial skeleton provides support and protection to the organs in the head and trunk, while also facilitating movement and posture.
The Appendicular skeleton enables movement and mobility of the body’s limbs, while also providing support and stabilization to the trunk.
What is the function of the Sella Turcica? What is the function of the Crista Galli?
The Sella Turcica is a bony structure located in the center of the Sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland. Its function is to protect and support the gland, which secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
The Sella Turcica protects and supports the pituitary gland, which regulates various bodily functions.
The Crista Galli is a bony projection located on the Ethmoid bone that serves as an attachment site for the dura mater, a tough membrane that covers the brain. Its function is to provide stability to the brain and help prevent it from moving around too much within the skull.
The Crista Galli provides stability to the brain and helps prevent excessive movement within the skull.
What two bony structures articulate to form these joints: (don’t list entire bones,
list specific bony structures!)
a. Knee
b. Shoulder
c. Elbow
d. Hip
a. Knee joint: The femur articulates with the tibia and patella (kneecap).
b. Shoulder joint: The humerus articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity.
c. Elbow joint: The humerus articulates with the radius and ulna at the trochlea and capitulum.
d. Hip joint: The femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone.
What are the primary differences in structure between the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar vertebrae?
The cervical vertebrae are designed for flexibility and range of motion, the thoracic vertebrae provide support and stability for the rib cage, and the lumbar vertebrae bear the most weight and provide support for the lower back.
The articulation of the atlas and axis allows for what important motion?
The articulation of the atlas (C1 vertebra) and axis (C2 vertebra) allows for the important motion of rotation of the head. This motion allows us to turn our head from side to side and is essential for various daily activities such as driving, crossing the street, and looking around in different directions.
Which forearm bone moves during the movements of pronation and supination?
radius
What is a sesamoid bone? List two in the body.
a sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that is embedded within a tendon or joint capsule to protect the tendon and improve its mechanical advantage.
Examples of sesamoid bones in the body include the patella (kneecap) and the sesamoid bones of the foot.
Define and identify the fontanels, sinuses, and sutures of the Skull.
Fontanels are the soft spots on a newborn’s skull
sinuses are air-filled spaces within the bones of the skull that help to moisten and filter the air we breathe
sutures are immovable joints between the bones of the skull where the bony plates have fused together.
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