Bone Lab

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

The portion of the skeleton that includes the bones of the head and trunk.

Question 2

The portion of the skeleton that includes the bones of the head and trunk.

Answer 2

Axial Skeleton

Question 3

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

The portion of the skeleton that includes the bones of the limbs and their associated girdles.

Question 4

The portion of the skeleton that includes the bones of the limbs and their associated girdles.

Answer 4

Appendicular skeleton

Question 5

Foramen

Answer 5

A small opening or hole in a bone that allows for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Question 6

A small opening or hole in a bone that allows for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Answer 6

Foramen

Question 7

Meatus

Answer 7

A canal or passage in a bone that is often associated with the ear or nasal cavity.

Question 8

A canal or passage in a bone that is often associated with the ear or nasal cavity.

Answer 8

Meatus

Question 9

Condyle

Answer 9

A rounded protuberance at the end of a bone, often involved in joint formation.

Question 10

A rounded protuberance at the end of a bone, often involved in joint formation.

Answer 10

Condyle

Question 11

Epicondyle

Answer 11

A small protuberance located near a condyle, often associated with muscle attachment.

Question 12

A small protuberance located near a condyle, often associated with muscle attachment.

Answer 12

Epicondyle

Question 13

Process

Answer 13

A bony projection or prominence on a bone, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.

Question 14

A bony projection or prominence on a bone, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.

Answer 14

Process

Question 15

Fossa

Answer 15

A shallow depression or groove in a bone, often used to articulate with another bone.

Question 16

A shallow depression or groove in a bone, often used to articulate with another bone.

Answer 16

Fossa

Question 17

Tubercle

Answer 17

A small, rounded bony projection or bump, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.

Question 18

A small, rounded bony projection or bump, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.

Answer 18

Tubercle

Question 19

Tuberosity

Answer 19

A large, roughened bony prominence, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.

Question 20

A large, roughened bony prominence, often used as an attachment point for muscles or tendons.

Answer 20

Tuberosity

Question 21

What is the overall function of the bones of the Axial skeleton? What is the primary function of the bones of the Appendicular skeleton?

Answer 21

The Axial skeleton provides support and protection to the organs in the head and trunk, while also facilitating movement and posture.

The Appendicular skeleton enables movement and mobility of the body’s limbs, while also providing support and stabilization to the trunk.

Question 22

What is the function of the Sella Turcica? What is the function of the Crista Galli?

Answer 22

The Sella Turcica is a bony structure located in the center of the Sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland. Its function is to protect and support the gland, which secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The Sella Turcica protects and supports the pituitary gland, which regulates various bodily functions.

The Crista Galli is a bony projection located on the Ethmoid bone that serves as an attachment site for the dura mater, a tough membrane that covers the brain. Its function is to provide stability to the brain and help prevent it from moving around too much within the skull.

The Crista Galli provides stability to the brain and helps prevent excessive movement within the skull.

Question 23

What two bony structures articulate to form these joints: (don’t list entire bones,
list specific bony structures!)
a. Knee
b. Shoulder
c. Elbow
d. Hip

Answer 23

a. Knee joint: The femur articulates with the tibia and patella (kneecap).
b. Shoulder joint: The humerus articulates with the scapula at the glenoid cavity.
c. Elbow joint: The humerus articulates with the radius and ulna at the trochlea and capitulum.
d. Hip joint: The femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic bone.

Question 24

What are the primary differences in structure between the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 24

The cervical vertebrae are designed for flexibility and range of motion, the thoracic vertebrae provide support and stability for the rib cage, and the lumbar vertebrae bear the most weight and provide support for the lower back.

Question 25

The articulation of the atlas and axis allows for what important motion?

Answer 25

The articulation of the atlas (C1 vertebra) and axis (C2 vertebra) allows for the important motion of rotation of the head. This motion allows us to turn our head from side to side and is essential for various daily activities such as driving, crossing the street, and looking around in different directions.

Question 26

Which forearm bone moves during the movements of pronation and supination?

Answer 26

radius

Question 27

What is a sesamoid bone? List two in the body.

Answer 27

a sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that is embedded within a tendon or joint capsule to protect the tendon and improve its mechanical advantage.

Examples of sesamoid bones in the body include the patella (kneecap) and the sesamoid bones of the foot.

Question 28

Define and identify the fontanels, sinuses, and sutures of the Skull.

Answer 28

Fontanels are the soft spots on a newborn’s skull

sinuses are air-filled spaces within the bones of the skull that help to moisten and filter the air we breathe

sutures are immovable joints between the bones of the skull where the bony plates have fused together.

Question 29

Label

Answer 29

Question 30

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Answer 30

Question 31

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Answer 31

Question 32

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Answer 32

Question 33

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Answer 33

Question 34

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Answer 34

Question 35

Label

Answer 35

Atlas

Question 36

Answer 36

Axis

Question 37

Label

Answer 37