unit 2 - Structure of the human urinary system Flashcards
which 4 organs make up the urinary system
2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra
ureters vs urethra
ureters - tubes that connect the kidneys with the bladder (2)
urethra - tube that transports urine from the bladder to outside the body (1)
- carries urine and semen in males
the concave indentation
hilus poes
what is by the hilus
all blood vessels and the ureter connect to the kindey at the hilus
where are your kindneys found in the human body
just below the ribs
if place your hands on hips, kindney by thumbs
4 functions of the kidneys
- glomerular filtration
- control the water and salt concentration in the body (tubular reabsorption)
- remove nitrogenous wastes from blood (tubular excretion)
- regulate the pH of the blood
what is the renal capsule
outer fibrous membrane of the kidney for protection
definition of the urinary system
maintains homeostasis by regulating volume and concentration of body fluids by filtering and reabsorption from the blood
how are the kidneys kept in place
they attached to connective issue and renal blood vessels
what are the three main parts of a kidney
- cortex
- medulla
- renal pelvis
what is the cortex
the outer region of the kidney made up of renal corpuscles
what is the medulla
region under the cortex
divided into driehoeks called pyramids which contain the collecting ducts from the nephron in the cortex
what are nephrons
small tubes that the kidney is made of which make up the functional parts of the kidney
what are nephrons responsible for
- filtration of blood in the kidneys
- enlarging surface area for filtration
what are the 2 main components of the nephron
- renal corpuscle ( cortex)
- renal tubule
what is the renal corpuscle
the beginning part of the nephron where the glomerulus and bowmans capsule is found.
bowmans capsule def ?
hollow cup like structure that makes up first part of the nephron
glomerulus def/
network of capillaries inside the bowmans capsule
explain the glomerulus
starts with the afferent ateriole coming from renal artery
gets narrower
pressure builds to allow ultrafiltration
leaves glomerulus thorugh efferent atreriole and fucks off to renal tubule
the 3 layers of the bowmans capsule that allow filtration
- endothelium with too small holes, RBC cant pass
- basement membrane prevents protein
- podocytes cells which are specialised with slits and main security guard
3 things that protect the kidney
renal capsule
adipose - cushion for kidney
renal fascia - anchors kidney
what makes up the renal tubule
- proximal tubule (cortex)
- loop of mother fucking henle (medulla)
- distal tubule (cortex)
what makes up glomerular filtrate
useful
- water
- glucose
- amino acids
- vitamins
harmful
- urea
- uric acid
- creatinine
just remember the ultrafiltration is a passive process due to the hydrostatic pressure
FUCKEN REMEMBER
