unit 2 - Structure of the human urinary system

Question 1

which 4 organs make up the urinary system

Answer 1

2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 2

ureters vs urethra

Answer 2

ureters - tubes that connect the kidneys with the bladder (2)

urethra - tube that transports urine from the bladder to outside the body (1)
- carries urine and semen in males

Question 3

the concave indentation

Answer 3

hilus poes

Question 4

what is by the hilus

Answer 4

all blood vessels and the ureter connect to the kindey at the hilus

Question 5

where are your kindneys found in the human body

Answer 5

just below the ribs

if place your hands on hips, kindney by thumbs

Question 6

4 functions of the kidneys

Answer 6

• glomerular filtration
• control the water and salt concentration in the body (tubular reabsorption)
• remove nitrogenous wastes from blood (tubular excretion)
• regulate the pH of the blood

Question 7

what is the renal capsule

Answer 7

outer fibrous membrane of the kidney for protection

Question 8

definition of the urinary system

Answer 8

maintains homeostasis by regulating volume and concentration of body fluids by filtering and reabsorption from the blood

Question 9

how are the kidneys kept in place

Answer 9

they attached to connective issue and renal blood vessels

Question 10

what are the three main parts of a kidney

Answer 10

• cortex
• medulla
• renal pelvis

Question 11

what is the cortex

Answer 11

the outer region of the kidney made up of renal corpuscles

Question 12

what is the medulla

Answer 12

region under the cortex

divided into driehoeks called pyramids which contain the collecting ducts from the nephron in the cortex

Question 13

what are nephrons

Answer 13

small tubes that the kidney is made of which make up the functional parts of the kidney

Question 14

what are nephrons responsible for

Answer 14

• filtration of blood in the kidneys

- enlarging surface area for filtration

Question 15

what are the 2 main components of the nephron

Answer 15

• renal corpuscle ( cortex)

- renal tubule

Question 16

what is the renal corpuscle

Answer 16

the beginning part of the nephron where the glomerulus and bowmans capsule is found.

Question 17

bowmans capsule def ?

Answer 17

hollow cup like structure that makes up first part of the nephron

Question 18

glomerulus def/

Answer 18

network of capillaries inside the bowmans capsule

Question 19

explain the glomerulus

Answer 19

starts with the afferent ateriole coming from renal artery
gets narrower
pressure builds to allow ultrafiltration
leaves glomerulus thorugh efferent atreriole and fucks off to renal tubule

Question 20

the 3 layers of the bowmans capsule that allow filtration

Answer 20

• endothelium with too small holes, RBC cant pass
• basement membrane prevents protein
• podocytes cells which are specialised with slits and main security guard

Question 21

3 things that protect the kidney

Answer 21

renal capsule
adipose - cushion for kidney
renal fascia - anchors kidney

Question 22

what makes up the renal tubule

Answer 22

• proximal tubule (cortex)
• loop of mother fucking henle (medulla)
• distal tubule (cortex)

Question 23

what makes up glomerular filtrate

Answer 23

useful

• water
• glucose
• amino acids
• vitamins

harmful

• urea
• uric acid
• creatinine

Question 24

just remember the ultrafiltration is a passive process due to the hydrostatic pressure

Answer 24

FUCKEN REMEMBER

Question 25

what is tubular reabsorption

Answer 25

as the filtrate moves through tubules, usefuls substances are reabsorbed
loop and proximal

Question 26

active vs passive reabsorption

Answer 26

active needs energy to reabsorb eg glucose and amino acids

passive doesn’t need energy - mainly water is passive

Question 27

salt vs water of the loop of henle

Answer 27

skits the water and salt potential in the medulla, more water is kept in tubule to increase salt ions concentration

Question 28

what is tubular excretion

Answer 28

tubules remove certain molecules and ions from the blood and it enters the tubule to go to collecting duct
this is important for ph also

Question 29

how is pH in the blood maintained

Answer 29

hydrogen ions are excreted.

more excreted when pH is low and vice versa

Question 30

summary of nephron

Answer 30

IT MAKES PISSS