Unit 2 - Social Interaction & Personal Space

Question 1

every day, we wear an _

Answer 1

invisible psychological bubble that is designed to protect us from spatial interjections by people around us

Question 2

define personal space

Answer 2

refers to the psychological bubble that each of us carries about to aid in regulating social interaction with other people

Question 3

define proxemics

Answer 3

the scientific study of how people (and animals) use the physical space around them

Question 4

who founded proxemics?

Answer 4

founded by Edward Hall (1966), an anthropologist who was interested in the cultural differences associated with personal space

Question 5

psychologists soon realized that proxemics had important implications for _

Answer 5

the design of spaces used by people

Question 6

describe some characteristics of territory

Answer 6

• territory has visible markers or boundaries (fixed location)
• territories do not move

Question 7

describe some characteristics of personal space

Answer 7

• personal space is portable (you carry it with you where you go)
• personal space boundaries will vary with changes in the psychological environment
• personal space is measured by invading it

Question 8

describe the personal space research mentioned in class

Answer 8

• nonviolent prisoner bubble is smaller
• violent prisoner bubble is bigger

Question 9

describe invasion of personal space

Answer 9

• sometimes even the best defense fails and your personal space is invaded
• people usually react by escaping as soon as they can
• the worse the invasion, the faster the flight from it

Question 10

give some examples of invasion of personal space claire gave in class

Answer 10

• washroom stalls
• lining up for coffee shops
• sitting on the bus
• park benches
• elevator, space out from people

Question 11

define inhibition of return

Answer 11

a theoretical concept within the realm of personal space
- the slowing of a response to a target that appeared at the same location as a previously presented target

Question 12

slowing (of a response to a target) occurs when

Answer 12

attention is disengaged
- disengaging takes time
- disengaging and reengaging takes more time
- one perspective: evolutionary survival mechanism

Question 13

define nomophobia

Answer 13

anxiety or discomfort caused by being out of contact with a smartphone

Question 14

what did Cheever et al. (2014) examine?

Answer 14

whether taking away smartphones from university students in an environment without distractions would induce anxiety

Question 15

what did Cheever et al. 2014 find?

Answer 15

• physiological levels of anxiety (BP) increases in response to iPhone separation in high/moderate users
• HR and BP returned back to baseline with their iPhone in possession

Question 16

what else is an influence of a smartphone?

Answer 16

separation anxiety/ fear of missing out
*FOMO

Question 17

in people with phone taken away, what happened to heavy users/moderate/low users

Answer 17

heavy users: steady increase
moderate: anxiety when smartphone is initially removed
low: kind of normal, not much of a connection with it

Question 18

in people with the phone but not allowed to look at it, what happened to high and moderate/low users?

Answer 18

high = lots of anxiety
moderate/low = not too impacted

Question 19

what is the extended self theory?

Answer 19

• iphone users felt a greater extension of themselves when they had iphone
• negative impacts during separation

Question 20

what effect does having your phone on a desk, pocket/bag, or other room?

Answer 20

just teh presence of phone leaves fewer attentional resources available to engage in task they need to work on
- since phones can maintain attention, takes more effort to disengage from the device
*working memory test, rt test

Question 21

what happened to reaction time and working memory test scores with phone in desk, pocket/bag, other room

Answer 21

rt: other room (smallest RT/low score), pocket/bag, desk (high score/longest rt)
memory: other room (highest score), pocket/bag, desk (lowest score)

Question 22

in the inhibition of return example (study if smartphones could attract attentional resources) what was the pre-test?

Answer 22

phone on table, email about following study

Question 23

in the inhibition of return example (study if smartphones could attract attentional resources) what was the task?

Answer 23

• light flashes, push button (RT)
• joe 2 turns
• fred 2 turns
• 30 trials (switch places)
• 30 trials
• complete survey about being high/moderate/low user

Question 24

describe the prelinimary results in the inhibition of return phone study

Answer 24

• basic IOR effect is present here independent of whether phone is there or not
• times were faster wth no phone, spend a bit more time and resources engaging in that (phone x location interaction)

Question 25

list the conclusion of IOR example

Answer 25

• consistent with IOR literature
• general IOR effect present
• IOR latencies increase substantially when returning to location that shares space with your phone
• provides some support for attentional disengagement explanation for IOR effects
• negative effects of attentional capture by our phones

Question 26

define social interaction

Answer 26

the impacts of others on your motor behaviour
- ex. elevator video showed in class
- ex. tent assembly bystander video

Question 27

how long did it take people to help set up the tent in the video at:
- 10 ppl
- 5 ppl
- 1 person

Answer 27

10: 8 mins
5: 7 mins 25 secs
1: 3 mins 19 secs (fastest time was 12 seconds)