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nursing 328 > unit 2-Qualitative and Quantitative Research - Two Alternative Paradigms > Flashcards

unit 2-Qualitative and Quantitative Research - Two Alternative Paradigms Flashcards

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1
Q

in a quantitative study people are referred to as_____

A

participants

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2
Q

in a qualitative study people are referred to as _______

A

informants, key informants

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3
Q

reseacher

A

the individual who conducts a study

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4
Q

types of fields

A
  1. natural (in the field)
  2. laboratory
  3. fieldwork
  4. multi-site studies
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5
Q

abstracts are

A

concepts or phenomena

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6
Q

constructs

A

are abstracts that deliberately and systematically invented by researcher for a specific purpose

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7
Q

a theory is

A

a systematic, abstract explanation of some aspect of reality

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8
Q

quantitative study

A

predict about how phenomena will behave if the theory were true

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9
Q

qualitative studies

A

is the product of the research

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10
Q

variables are

A

concepts in a quantitative study. something that varies

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11
Q

independent variable

A

is the presumed cause

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12
Q

dependent variable is the presumed effect

A

is the presumed effect

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13
Q

variation in the _____ variable is presumed to ____on variation in the _______independent variable

A

dependent, dependent, independent

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14
Q

____are note inherently dependent or ______

A

variable, independent

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15
Q

what are the two types of conepts

A

conceptual and operational

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16
Q

conceptual definition

A

is the abstract, theoretical meaning of a concept being studied

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17
Q

operational defintion

A

specifies the operation that researchers must perform to collect the required information on a particular concept.

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18
Q

research data are

A

the pieces of information obtained in a study

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19
Q

data set

A

all pieces of data gathered in a study

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20
Q

quantitative data

A

information collected in a quantified (numeric) form

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21
Q

qualitative dexcription

A

narrative description/information can be obtained having conversation with participants, making notes about how participants behave in naturalistic setting, or by obtaining narrative recrods

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22
Q

relationship is

A

a bond or connection between two or more phenomena
»quantitative studies, primarily interested in the relationship between independent variable and dependent variables
»qualitative researchers seek patterns of association as a way of illuminating the underlying meaning and dimensional of phenomena of interest

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23
Q

scientific merit

A

quantitative researcher use several criteria to assess the quality of a study

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24
Q

two criteria for scientific merit for quantitative reseach

A

reliability (accuracy and consistency) and validity (soundness of the study)

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25
Q

criteria for qualitative sutdy

A

trustworthiness, which encompass several different dimension such as credibility

26
Q

credibility

A

a criterion for evaluating data quality in qualitative studies referring to confidence in the truth of the data

27
Q

triagulation

A

is the use of multiple sources or reference to draw conclusions about what constitutes the “truth”

28
Q

Bias

A

is an influence that produces a distortion in the study results

29
Q

systematic bias

A

results when the bias is consistent or uniform

30
Q

research control

A

used in quantitative research that involves holding constant other influences on the dependent variable so that the true relationship between the independent and dependent variables can be understood.

31
Q

extraneous variables

A

a variable that confounds the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and that needs to be controlled either in s the research design or through statistical procedure to clarify relationship

32
Q

mediating variable

A

a variable that mediates or acts like a go-between in a chain linking two other variable

33
Q

randomness

A

are in quantitative research having features of the study establish by chance rather bu design or personal prefrence

34
Q

purposeful or (nonrandom)

A

done in a qualitative research that uses purposeful fashion to guide their inquiry and pursue information rich sources

35
Q

relfecivity

A

is the process of reflecting critically on the self, and of analyzing and making note of personal values that could affect data collection and interpretation

36
Q

generalization

A

is the criterion used in a quantitative study to assess the extent to which study finding can be applied to other groups and setting

37
Q

transferability

A

to which qualitative finding can be transferred to other other settings, as an aspect of a study trustworthiness

38
Q

think description

A

a widely used term in qualitative research refers to a rich and thorough description of the research setting and of observed processes

39
Q

deductive reasoning

A

is the process of developing specific predictions from general principles

40
Q

two types of quantitative studies

A

experimental- researchers actively introduce an intervention or treatment
non experimental research collect data without making changes or introducing treatment

41
Q

experimental studies are explicitly

A

designed to test casual relationship, offer greater control over extraneous variables than non-experimental studies.

42
Q

non-experimental studies also

A

seek to elucidate or detect causal relationships,

43
Q

qualitative studies (nonexperimental

A

are often rooted in research traditions that originate in the disciplines of anthropology, sociology and psycoholgy

44
Q

grounded theory

A

is qualitative which are developed to seek to describe and understand the key social-psychological and structural processes that occur in a social setting

45
Q

phenonmenology

A

qualitative which has its disciplinary roots in both philosophy and psychology, is concerned with the lived experiences of human

46
Q

ethnography is

A

the primary research tradition within anthropology, and provides a framework for studying the patterns an experiences of a defines cultural group in a holistic fashion

47
Q

main steps in a quantitative study

A 
phase 1: the conceptual phase
  Phase Two the design and planning phase
PHASE THREE the empirical phase
PHASE 4 the analytic phase
  Phase 5 the dissemination phase
48
Q

phase one in quantitative study are

A

step one formulating the delimiting the problem
step two reviewing the related research literature
step 3 undertaking clinical fieldwork
step 4 defining the framework and developing conceptual definition
step 5 formulating hypothesis

49
Q

phase two in a quantitative study are

A

step 6 selecting a research design
step 7 developing protocols for the intervention
step 8 identifying the population to be studied
step 9 designing the sampling plan
step 10 specifying methods to measure variables
step 11 developing methods to protect human/animal rights
step 12 finalizing and reviewing the research plan

50
Q

phase three in a quantitative study are

A

step 13: collecting the data

step 14: preparing data analysis

51
Q

phase fours in a quantitative study are

A

step 15: analyzing the data

step 16 interpreting the results

52
Q

phase five in a quantitative study

A

step 17 communicating the findings

step 18 utilizing the finding

53
Q

steps to conceptualizing and planning a qualitative study

A 
identifying a research problem
performing a literature review
selecting and gaining entree into research site
designing qualitative studies 
addressing ethical issues
54
Q

steps in conducting a qualitative study

A

the activities are sampling, data collection, data analysis and interpretation typically take place iteraitively

55
Q

analysis and interpretation

A

are ongoing, concurrent activities, used to guide decision about whom to sample next and what questions to ask or observation to make

56
Q

saturation

A

a tool in qualitative studies which occur when themes and categories in the data become repetitive and redundant such as no new information can be gleaned by further data collect

57
Q

quantitative researcher

A

seek high quality data by using measuring instruments with demonstrated reliability and validity

58
Q

qualitative researcher

A

are the main data collection instruments and must take step to ensure the trustworthiness of the data

59
Q

qualitative findings can

A

serve as the basis for formulating hypothesis that are tested by quantitative researchers and for developing measuring instruments used for both research and clinical purposes
provide foundation for designing effective nursing intervention

60
Q

intervention protocol

A

experimental research, the specification of exactly what the treatment and the alternative conditions will be and how treatment are to be administered

61
Q

emergent design researchers select

A

informants, collect data and then analyse and interpret them in a ongoing fashion

nursing 328 (14 decks)

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