Unit 13: Analysis of Qualitative Data Flashcards
quantitative analysis
is less formulaic
qualitative analysis is difficulty due to
- there is no universal rules for analyzing and summarizing qualitative data/ diff to prove validity
- is enormous amount of work required. must organize through narrative work
- reducing the data for reports
analysis styles for qualitative data
> > template analysis type-develop a template a category and analysis guide for sorting a narrative data
editing analysis style- act as interpreters who read through texts in search of meaningful segments. researchers develop a category scheme and corresponding sides that can used to sort and organize the data
immersion/crystallization analysis style this style involves the analyst’s total a immersion in and reflection of the text material, resulting in an intuitive crystallization of the data
the qualitative analysis process
process of fitting data together of making invisible obvious, of linking and attributing consequences to antecedents four cognitive processes -comprehending >synthesizing >theorizing >rexontextualizing
qualitative data management and organization
-developing a category scheme
» a category system or template is sometimes drafted before data collection
-coding qualitative system
»after category scheme has been developed the data are then read int heir entirety and coded for correspondence to the identified category
- manual method of organizing qualitative data
» develop conceptual files
- computer programs for managing quantitative data
analytic procedure
data management in qualitative research is reductionist in nature because it concert large masses of data into smaller, more convenient units
> analysis of narrative data to identify prominent themes and patterns among the themes
theme
is an abstract entity that brings meaning and identity to a current experience and its variant manifestation
themes emerges from the data
general analytic overview
themes
validation
weave the thematic pieces into a integrated whole
quasi statistic
a tabulation of the freq with which certain themes or patterns are supported by the data
analysis of ethnographic data
beings the moment the researcher sets foot in the field looking from patterns in the behavior maps, flow charts, organizational charts are also useful analytic tools that help to crystallize and illustrate the data being collected 12 step 1. locating an informant 2. interviewing an informant 3. making an ethnographic record 4. asking descriptive questions 5. analyzing ethno interview 6. making domain analysis 7.asking structural questions 8. making a taxonomic analysis 9. asking contrast questions 10. making componential analysis 11. discovering cultural themes 12. writing the ethno
domain
which are units of cultural knowledge, are board categories that encompass smaller categories
taxonomy
a system of classifying and organizing of a domain and the relationship among the subcategories
phenomenological analysis
three method colaizzi, giorgi, cankaam
colaizzi
- read all protocols to acquire a feeling for them
- review each protocol extract significant statement
- spell out the meaning of each significant statement
4 organize the formulated meanings into clusters of themes - integrate results into an exhaustive description of the phenomenon under study
- formulate a description in as unequivocal a statement of identification as possible
- ask participants about the finding thus for a final validating step
giorgi
- read the entire set
- discriminate units from participants’ description of phenomenon being studied
- articulate the psychological insight in each of the meaning units
- synthesize all of the transformed meaning into consistent statement regarding participants
can kaam
- list and group preliminary the descriptive expression
- reduce the concrete, vague and overlapping expression of the participants to more descriptive terms
- eliminate elements not inherent in the phenomenon being studied
- write a hypothetical identification and description of the phenomenon being studied
- apply hypothetical description to randomly selected cases from the sample
- consider the hypothesized identification as a valid identification and description once preceding operations have been carried out successfully
paradigm
are strong instances of concerns or ways of being in the world
>paradigm and thematic analysis can be enhanced by exemplars that illuminate aspects of paradigm or themes
grounded theory analysis
two major approach
- glaser and strauss
- strauss and corbin
glaser and strauss
constant comparative method involved a comparison of elements present in one data course with those identified in another
> FIT is a concept that process of identifying characteristic of one piece of data and comparing them with those of other data to determine whether they are similar
to sort and reduce
> used to conceptualize data into patterns or concepts
conceptualized through substantive codes
>theoretical codes provide insights into how the substantive codes relate to each other
>open coding used in the first stage of analysis, captures what is going on in the data
> level I,II,III codes specific-broad-abstract
core categories for GT
is a pattern of behavior that is relevant or problematic for study partcipants
selective coding
which can also have three level of abstract, code only those data that are related to the core variable
basic social process (BSP)
which evolves over time in two or more phases
are core variables, but no t all core variables have to be BSP
nine glaster criteria
must be central must reoccur take more time to saturate than other categories relates meaningfully and easily it has clear and grabbing implication considerable completely variable it is a dimension of the problem it can be kind of theoretical
theoretical codes
process: stages, phases, passages, and transition
type: kinds, styles and forms
Strategy: tactics techniques. and maneuvering
cutting point: boundaries, critical junctures, and Turing point
the six C: causes, context, contingencies, consequences, covariances and condition
memos
preserve ideas that may initially not seem productive but may later process valuable once further developed
strauss and corbin GT method
analysis differ from the original S and C method, with regard to method and outcomes
core category, central theory which is the main theme of the research
>problem must emerge from the data
three types of coding open, axial and selective
open coding for GT theory for S and C
data are broken down into parts and compared for similarities and difference
axial coding
the analyst systematically develops categories and links them with sibcategory
selective coding
is a process in which the finding are integrated and refind
