Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathopharmacology > Unit 2 Pathophysiology - Chapter 47 Structure, function, and d/o of integument > Flashcards

Unit 2 Pathophysiology - Chapter 47 Structure, function, and d/o of integument Flashcards

1
Q

Skin has how many layers?

A

Three: dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Keratin (forms superficial layer of epidermis)
Underlying epidermis contains:
* basal and spinous layer w/
* melanocytes - creates pigment via melanin
* Langerhans cells - cutaneous immune system
* Merkel cells - sensitivity for touch, hormonal functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dermis

A

Consist of:
* connective tissue
* hair follicles
* sweat glands
* sebaceous glands
* blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Subcutaneous layer

A

Contains:
* macrophages
* fibroblasts (produce and maintain the ECM of connective tissue)
* fat cells
* nerves, fine muscles, blood vessels, lymphatics and hair follicle roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dermal appendages

A

nails, hair, sebaceous glands, eccrine (most of body, sweats and evaporates) and apocrine (mainly hair follicles, same concept)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Papillary capillaries

A

provide major blood supply to skin, arising from deeper arterial plexuses

sympathetic nervous system regulates skin blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arteriorvenous anastomoses

A

l/t papillary capillaries => help with heat loss and heat conservation

Single Large vein and artery together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Older skin

A

thinner + drier w/ less collagen; fewer capillary loops and fewer changes in pigmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gray and thinner hair

A

Lack of melanocytes and hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Skin integrity of OA

A
  • more permeable
  • decreased sweating
  • loss of thermal regulation
  • less protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pressure injuries

A

D/t continuous pressure and shearing forces occluding capillary blood flow l/t ischemia and necrosis

  • greatest risks bony prominences: greater trochanter, sacrum, ischia, and heels.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Keloid

A

scars that extend beyond injury border and develop d/t abnormal fibroblast activity + excess collagen formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypertrophic scars

A

elevated erythematous (abnormal redness) fibrious lesions that do not ext beyond injury border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pruitus

A

Itch mediators, peripheral unmyelinated polymodal C nerve fibers, and central processes contribute to itching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Allergic contact dermatitis

A

form of delayed hypersensitivity develops with changes in skin barrier fx and exposure to allergns - microorganisms, metals, chemical, or poison ivy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Irritant contact dermatitis

A

inflammatory response to prolonged exposure to chemicals, acids or soaps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema

A

atopic (sensitivity to allergens); family history of allergies, hay fever, elevated IgE levels, and increased histamine sensitivity; common in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stasis dermatitis

A

occurs on legs; d/t venous stasis and edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis

A

scaly, yellowish, inflammatory plaques of the scalp, eyebrows, eyelids, ear canals, chest, axillae, back; associated with Malassezia yeasts, immunosuppression, and epidermal hyperproliferation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Papulosquamous disorders

A

papules, scales, plaques, and erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Psoriasis

A

chronic autoimmune T-cell mediated inflammatory skin disease; thickened epidermis and dermis w/ scaly, erythmatous pruitic plaques

Forms
* plaque (scaly, red, can impact nails)
* inverse (skin folds => groin, armpits => smooth and shiny red patches
* guttate (torso and limbs [younger folks] tear drop shapes]
* pustular (palms and soles blotchy red pustules)
* erthrodermic

Can accompany w/ disease:
* arthritis
* nail disease
* CV disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pityriasis rosea

A

self-limiting disease w/ herpes type viruses present w/ oval lesions w/ scales around edges (herald patch) at skin lines of the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lichen planus

A

papular violet-colored autoimmune inflammatory lesion involving T cells and inflammatory cytokinesd/t severe pruitus and involve both skin and mucuos membrane lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Acne vulgaris

A

nose; inflammation of pilosebaceous follicles with hypertrophy (increased growth) of sebaceous glands + telangiestasia (small, widened blood vessels on the skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hidradenitis suppurativa

A

chronic inflammatory recurring scarring disease of pilosebaceous follicular ducts at skin w/ folds, hair follicles, and aprocrine (Sweat) glands and is r/t immune and environmental factors

26
Q

Acne rosacea

A

inflammation w/ erythema, edema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia that develops on middle 1/3 of face with hypertrophy + inflammation of sebaceous glands d/t infection or immune mediated inflammation

27
Q

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus

A

inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting only skin; inflammatory lesions usually in sun-exposed area w/ butterfly distribution over nose + cheeks

28
Q

Pemphigus

A

chronic autoimmune blistering disease begins in mouth or scalp and spreads to other parts of body => fatal outcomes

  • pemphigus vulgaris (most common)

q

29
Q

Bullous pephigold

A

benign autoimmune blistering disease that resolves rapidly

30
Q

Erythema multiforme minor

A

acute inflammation of skin w/o involvement of mucous membrane; target-like with alternating rings of edema + inflammation d/t HSV (herpes simplex) or other infections; rarely drug reactions

31
Q

SJS, stevens-johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

A

There is a SJS/TEN overlap syndrome are the same disease with progressive blistering d/t keratinocyte cell death via bullous epidermal detachmen, mucositis (when your mouth or gut is sore and inflamed. It’s a common side effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy), and organ involvement d/t cytotoxic t-cell drug reaction

32
Q

Folliculitis

A

bacterial infection of hair follicle

33
Q

Furuncle

A

infection of the hair follicle that extends to the surrounding tissue

34
Q

Carbuncle

A

collection of infected hair follicles that forms a draining abcess

35
Q

Cellulitis

A

diffuse infection - dermis + subq
d/t staphylococcus, CA-MRSA or group B streptococci

36
Q

Erysipelas

A

superficial streptococcal infection of skin (face, ears, lower legs)

37
Q

Impetigo

A

bullous or ulcerative form d/t staphylococcus or streptococcus (common in children)

contagious skin infection that causes red sores on the face.

38
Q

HSV-1

A

cold sores can infect cornea, mouth and labia

39
Q

HSV-2

A

genital lesions and spread by sexual contact

40
Q

Herpes zoster and varicella (chickenpox)

A

Same herpesvirus, herpes zoster manifesting years after intial infection

41
Q

Warts or verrucae

A

benign, rough, elevated lesions d/t papillomavirus; venereal warts (condylomata acuminata) spread via sexual contact

42
Q

Tinea skin infections

A

Fungal infections; anywhere on body and classified by location (capitis - scalp, pedis - feet, corporis - body, crusis - groin, unguium - nails)

43
Q

Candidiasis

A

yeastlike fungal infection - C. albicans [skin, mucous membranes, GI tract]

44
Q

Cutaneous vasculitis

A

immune-mediated inflammation of small skin blood vessels w/ purpura, ishcemia, and necrosis resulting from disruption of vessel wall

A purpura rash occurs when small blood vessels burst, causing blood to pool under the skin.

45
Q

Utricarial lesions

A

type I hypersensitivity responses; wheals (raised itchy pruitic patch), welts, or hives

46
Q

scleroderma

A

immune-mediated schlerosis (hardening) of skin localized to skin to systemic and affect bone, bone, and other organs that invovle T helper cells, cytokines, and autoantibodies

47
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

older adults; usually sun damaged skin; squamous cells that make elevated, smooth or warty lesions of different sizes

48
Q

keratocanthoma

A

Hair follices on sun areas; dome-shaped, crusty lesion filled with keratin resolves in 3-4 months

Keratin is protein can be a hair plug

49
Q

actinic (solar) keratosis

A

pigmented scaly lesion on sun exposed person w/ fair skin; may become malignant in form of squamous cell carcinoma

50
Q

Nevi

A

melanocytes form; pigmented or fleshy pink; single or groups => transition to malignant melanoma

51
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

common skin cancer and occurs on sun-exposed areas with different subtypes and morphologic presentations

52
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

tumor of epidermis with uncontrolled growth of kerantinocytes associated w/ sun exposure and localized or invasive

53
Q

cutnaeous melanoma

A

maligant tumor arising from melanocytes; if not excised early, metastasis occurs through lymph nodes d/t chronic sun exposure or melanocytic nevi

54
Q

KS

A

endothelial cell vascular malignancy r/t immunodeficiency states and herpesvirus 8

55
Q

cutaneous lymphomas

A

cutaneous T-cell and B-cell lymphomas that present in the skin but may develop disease in extracutaenous sites

56
Q

frostbite

A

cheeks + digits, direct injury to cell and impaired circulation

57
Q

Androcentric alopecia

A

irreversible baldness in central scalp and recession of temporofrontal hairline that occus in both men and women

58
Q

Female pattern alopecia

A

thinning of central hair of scalp for women 20-30 and d/t high levels of serum adrenal androgen dehydropiandrosterone sulfate

59
Q

Alopecia areata

A

patchy loss of hair d/t autoimmune process and stress triggers or metabolic diseases; reversible

60
Q

Hirsutism

A

male pattern of hair growth in women; normal or d/t androgenic hormone secretions

61
Q

Paronychia

A

inflammation of cuticle d/t staphylococci or streptococci

62
Q

Onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of nail plate

Pathopharmacology (99 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions