Unit 2 Pathophysiology - Chapter 14 Cancer in Children

Question 1

Cancer in children

Answer 1

leading cause of death for this population

Question 2

61% of cancer in children from birth to 14 y/o

Answer 2

leukemias and brain tumors

while neuroblastoma (immature nerve cells) and soft tissue or bone sarcomas are less common

Question 3

Childhood and adolescent malignancies

Answer 3

associated with oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes

Question 4

Childhood cancer d/t?

Answer 4

chromosomal aberrations or single gene defects

including
* aneuploidy (abnormal # of chromosomes)
* amplifications
* deletions
* translocations
* fragility

Question 5

Wilms tumor and retinoblastoma

Answer 5

both linked in a familial manner
* wilms tumor - rare kidney cancer that mainly affects children. Also known as nephroblastoma, it’s the most common cancer of the kidneys in children. Wilms tumor most often affects children ages 3 to 4. It becomes much less common after age 5, but it can affect older children and even adults.
* retinoblastoma - disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the retina. Children with a family history of retinoblastoma should have eye exams to check for retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma occurs in heritable and nonheritable forms.

Question 6

Children can be exposed to?

Answer 6

ionizing radiation, drugs, or viruses

Question 7

About how much children and adolescent diagnosed with cancer are cured?

Answer 7

nearly 85%