Unit 2: Lesson 14- Fish and Amphibians Flashcards
Phylum Chordata
Dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord, post-anal tail, pharyngeal slits
Subphylum Cephalochordata (Basal Chordates)
lancelets, most basal chordate, filter feeders
Subphylum Urochordata (Basal Chordates)
tunicates/”sea squirts”, sessile filter feeder adults (free-swimming larva)
Craniates
Development of skull/head, cephalization, skull comes from nerval crest, muscularization, higher metabolic rate, multichamber heart
Class Myxini (Craniates)
Hagfish, living fossil, scavengers, slime glands, blood parasite, suction mouth, no bone, skull is cartilage, no jaw
Vertebrates
Vertebral column, notochord encloses nerve corn, spiral fin
Class Petromyzontida (Vertebrates)
Lampreys, dorsal fin, blood parasite, suction mouth, vertebra made of cartilage, lack jaws
Gnathostomes
Hinged jaw, mineralized teeth, enlarged brain, ~450 mya, stronger senses, paired fins, lateral line system (detects vibration)
Class Chondrichthyes (Gnathostomes)
Sharks, rays, ratfish, cartilage skeleton, no swim bladder, streamlined body (reduces water drag), denticles, ampullae of lorenzini (electrical detection field)
Osteichthyes
Skeleton made of bone (calcium phosphate)
Class Actinopterygii (Osteichthyes)
Ray-finned fish/bony fish, operculum (gill flap), cycloid scales
Class Sarcopterygii (Osteichthyes)
Lobe-finned fish, muscular pelvic + pectoral fin, rod-shaped bones, reinforce lateral fins, can sort of breathe air
Tetrapods
4 limbs with digits, neck, fusion of pelvis to backbone, pharyngeal slits become ears, no gills, lungs (from swim bladder)
Class amphibia (Tetrapods)
3 chambered heart, gas exchange occurs in skin, tied to water, aquatic larva, eggs have jelly coating
Order Urodela (Class Amphibia, Tetrapods)
Salamanders/newts, most basal amphibians, have tail
Order Anura (Class Amphibia, Tetrapods)
Frogs/toads, lose tail, elongated hind limbs, legs adapt to life on land
Order Apoda (Class Amphibia, Tetrapods)
Caecilians, legless amphibians
