Lesson 1- Bio Basics Flashcards
Evolution is
descent with modification
Aristotle
tries to organize species as a ladder, unchanging, no evolution
Linneus
created “nested system” of organization, still no evolution
Cuvier
paleontology, suspected layers between strata represented catastrophic events (catastrophism)
Hutton and Lyell
Changes are slow, constant (opposed to catastrophism), uniformitarianism, same laws in nature now and then
Malthus
theory of human suffering due to limited resources
Lamark
use and disuse of body parts, inheritance of acquired characteristics (latter is inaccurate)
Adaptation is
characteristic that advances survival and reproduction in a given environment
Darwin obs 1
Members of a population vary in inheritance traits
Darwin obs 2
All species produce more offspring than the environment can support
Darwin inf 1
Adaptable traits allow an individual to survive and reproduce
Darwin inf 2
Population acquires favorable traits over many generations
Homologous structures
Suggest common ancestors
Vestigial structures
Shrunk homologous structures, have no function
Analogous structures
Result of convergent evolution (look similar, not related)
Biogeography
Study of geographic distribution of species. Endemic means doesn’t appear anywhere else.
Species definition
Breed in nature and produce fertile and viable offspring
5 Prezygotic barriers
Habitat isolation
Temporal isolation (seasons)
Behavioral isolation (courtship)
Mechanical isolation (physical)
Gametic isolation (fertilization)
3 Postzygotic barriers
Reduced hybrid viability
Reduced hybrid fertility
Hybrid breakdown (strong, fertile hybrid produces weak/infertile offspring)
