Lesson 9- Plants 3 Flashcards
Eudicot Seed
2 Cotyledons, endosperm often stored in cotyledons
Monocot Seed
1 Cotyledon, “Scutellum”
Germination
Dormancy allows seeds to germinate in optimal conditions. water breaks dormancy (through inhibition)
Roots (Plant Organs)
anchor, absorb water + nutrients, high surface area
Eudicot- taproot (deep water)
Monocot- fibrous roots (shallow)
Stems (Plant Organs)
Structured support, transport growth, tip is “apical bud” with apical meristems (undifferentiated cells)
Axillary buds- dormant (“reserve”) buds normally inhibited by apical bug
Leaves (Plant Organs)
Photosynthesis, surface area
Dermal (Plant Tissues)
Outer surface “skin”, protection, bark, waxy cuticle
Vascular (Plant Tissues)
Transport water/nutrients through phloem and xylem
Ground (Plant Tissues)
Storage, structure, photosynthesis
Parenchyma (Plant Cell Types)
Least specialized cell type, photosynthetic, (ground tissue)
Collenchyma (Plant Cell Types)
Elongated flexible cells, structure support, found in growing regions
Sclerenchyma (Plant Cell Types)
Heavy structural support, “woody”, mature cells are dead
Xylem (Plant Cell Types)
Dead at maturity, tracheids and vessel elements, transport water through capillary action
Transpiration
(Xylem)
Rely on H2O cohesion to pull water up through xylem, triggered by water evaporation through leaves
Phloem (Plant Cell Types)
Living, sieve-tube elements and companion cells, transports sugar
Translocation
(Phloem)
Moving sugars from “source” to “sink”. From photosynthetic leaf, sugar goes into phloem, concentration causes water in xylem to move to phloem, spreading sugar down to sugar sink (storage) and water goes back to xylem
Primary Growth
Elongating plant, shoot tips/root tips, controlled by apical meristem.
Secondary Growth
Increase in girth/thickness, controlled by lateral meristem
Vascular cambium (Lateral meristem parts)
Between xylem/phloem, adds new xylem and phloem
Cork cambium (Lateral meristem parts)
Converts old phloem to bark
Eudicot Roots vs Monocot Roots
Eudicot roots have “X” of vascular tissue in middle, Monocot roots have a “ring” of vascular tissue
