Lesson 6- Fungi Flashcards
Characteristics of fungi
Cell walls made of chitin instead of cellulose, absorptive chemoheterotroph, have hyphae underground and fruiting bodies above to spread spores.
Septate hypha
Have cell walls to separate nuclei (more resilient)
Coenocytic hypha
Multinucleate (no cell walls between nuclei) (grows faster)
Mycorrhizal fungi
Transports nutrients between plant roots, mutualism
Life Cycle
Haploid asexual phase: Through mitosis, mycelium produces a sporangium which makes spores that turn into more fungus.
Sexual reproduction: Two individuals’ cytoplasm fuses (plasmogamy) to produce a fruiting body with n+n ploidy. Then, the haploid nuclei fuse through karyogamy and a diploid zygote is formed. After meiosis occurs, haploid spores are released, which turn into mycelium.
Septate hypha will become ___ after plasmogamy
Dikaryotic n+n, one of each nucleus in cell walls
Coenocytic hypha will become ___ after plasmogamy
Heterokaryotic n+n, no cell walls
Fungus ploidy is most often…
Haploid or n+n
Phylum Chytridiomycota
An aquatic fungi, coenocytic, and has flagellated spores (covers amphibian skin)
Phylum Zygomycota
Bread mold, coenocytic, resilient and can go dormant. Fruiting body is called zygosporangium
Phylum Glomeromycota
Coenocytic, mycorrhizal fungus that fuses with plant roots
Phylum Ascomycota
Septate, most diverse fungus, can be unicellular, multicellular, or molds. In their asexual phase, they have a chain of spores called a conidia (no sporangium), in their sexual phase, the conidia fuse with mycelium and make a dikaryotic ascus.
Fruiting body is called an ascocarp.
Cordyceps is in this group.
Phylum Basidiomycota
“Classic mushroom”. Septate, dikaryotic fruiting body is called basidiocarp. Long-lived, have no asexual phase. Spore-producing basidia are in mushroom gills.
Fungi roles
Plant decomposers, mutualists, parasites
Lichen
Fungi + green algae or cyanobacteria
