Unit 2: Lecture 17 (Bony Pelvis & Hip) Flashcards
Pelvic Girdle composition
- 2 coxal bones (form pelvic walls)
- sacrum & coccyx (form posterior wall)
What bones fuse together to make hip bone?
- ilium
- ischium
- pubis
Where does the fusion of the hipbone take place?
acetabulum (hip joint socket)
True pelvis
Anything BELOW the line arcuate line of the ilium/pectineal line of the pubis
False pelvis
Anything ABOVE the line arcuate line of the ilium/pectineal line of the pubis
What is the longest and strongest bone in the body?
Femur, jackass.
Small depression in head of femur?
Fovea capitis
What is the angle between the head/neck/shaft of femur called?
Angle of inclination (125°)
Joints of pelvic girdle (4)
- lumbrosacral joint
- sacrococcygeal joint
- interpubic joint
- sacroiliac (SI) joint
Lumbrosacral joint
attaches pelvic girdle to the axial skeleton
What two ligaments support the sacrococcygeal joint?
- lateral sacrococcygeal ligament
- posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What ligaments support the sacroiliac (SI) joint? (4 + 2 accessory ligaments)
- posterior ligament
- interosseous sacroiliac ligament
- anterior sacroiliac ligament
- iliolumbar ligament
+ sacrotuberous ligament
+ sacrospinous ligament
Which two ligaments convert the greater sciatic and lesser sciatic notches into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?
- Sacrotuberous ligament
- Sacrospinous ligament
Which muscle exits out of the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen?
Piriformis muscle
Which structures exit the greater sciatic foramen ABOVE the piriformis?
Superior gluteal nerves and vessels
Which structures exit the greater sciatic foramen BELOW the piriformis? (7)
- inferior gluteal nerves and vessels
- internal pudendal vessels
- pudendal nerve
- sciatic nerve
- posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
- nerve to obturator internus
- nerve to quadratus femoris
Boundaries of lesser sciatic foramen
Anterior: body of ischial tuberosity
Superior: ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament
Posterior: sacrotuberous ligament
Which tendon EXITS the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen?
Obturator internus tendon
Which structures ENTER the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen?
- Pudendal nerve
- Internal pudendal vessels
- Nerve to obturator internus
The hip joint is designed for…
support
The head of the femur is covered by ___________
thick hyaline cartilage
A fibrocartilaginous rim called the ____________ is attached to the margins of the acetabulum
acetabular labrum
The acetabular labrum is continuous with the ___________
transverse ligament of the acetabulum
In the acetabulum, the ____________ provides a passage for the vessels and the nerves to the hip joint
acetabular notch
Ligaments associated with hip joint: (6)
- articular capsule (thick and strong)
- iliofemoral ligament/Y-shaped ligament of Bigelow (prevents overextension of joint)
- pubofemoral ligament (prevents ABduction)
- ischiofemoral ligament (limits medial rotation)
- ligamentum capitis femoris (provides blood vessels to head of femur)
- transverse ligament of acetabulum (closes acetabulum)
Gluteus maximus
A: extends and laterally rotates thigh; helps extend knee
N: Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
A: Abducts thigh at hip; tilts pelvis when walking to permit opposite leg to clear ground
N: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus
A: Abducts thigh at hip; tilts pelvis when walking to permit opposite leg to clear ground
N: Superior gluteal nerve
Tensor Fasciae Latae
A: Helps flex, abduct (medially rotates thigh); assists gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint.
N: Superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis
A: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint
N: Nerve to piriformis
Obturator internus
A: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint
N: Nerve to obturator internus
Gemellus Superior
A: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint
N: Nerve to obturator internus
Gemellus Inferior
A: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint
N: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Quadratus femoris
A: Lateral rotator of thigh at hip joint
N: Nerve to quadratus femoris
Obturator externus
A: Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint
N: Obturator nerve (post. division)
Active external rotation of hip muscles: (6)
- piriformis
- obturator internus
- superior gemellus
- inferior gemellus
- quadratus femoris
- obturator externus
Active hip ABduction of hip muscles: (5)
- piriformis
- obturator internus
- superior gemellus
- inferior gemellus
- obturator externus
Active ADduction of hip muscle:
- quadratus femoris
Common iliac artery divisions:
- external iliac artery
- internal iliac artery
Internal iliac artery divisions:
- anterior trunk
- posterior trunk
External iliac artery turns into…
femoral artery
Posterior trunk becomes…
superior gluteal artery
Anterior trunk becomes…
inferior gluteal artery
