Unit 1: Lecture 1 Self-study

Question 1

Plane of reference: Median (midsagittal)

Answer 1

divides the body into right/left halves

Question 2

Plane of reference: Frontal (coronal)

Answer 2

divides the body into anterior/ posterior portions

Question 3

Plane of reference: Transverse (horizontal)

Answer 3

divides the body into upper/ lower portions

Question 4

Superior (cephalad) //

Answer 4

Inferior (caudad)

Question 5

Anterior (ventral) //

Answer 5

Posterior (dorsal)

Question 6

Medial //

Answer 6

Lateral

Question 7

Superficial //

Answer 7

Deep

Question 8

Proximal //

Answer 8

Distal

Question 9

Supine //

Answer 9

Prone

Question 10

Extension

Answer 10

reduces degree of acute joint angulation

Question 11

Flexion

Answer 11

produces an acute angle at a joint

Question 12

Abduction

Answer 12

moves away from the body

Question 13

Adduction

Answer 13

moves towards the body

Question 14

Circumduction

Answer 14

combination of extension, flexion, abduction, and adduction

Question 15

Elevation //

Answer 15

Depression

Question 16

Protraction //

Answer 16

Retraction

Question 17

Tissue groups (5)

Answer 17

1. skin
2. fascia
3. muscle
4. bone
5. fat

Question 18

Skin

Answer 18

covers the body externally and has three layers (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis)

Question 19

Fascia

Answer 19

(specializations include the superficial and deep layers)

Question 20

Muscle

Answer 20

note organization from slide views and consists of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac divisions

Question 21

Bone

Answer 21

skeleton consists of an axial skeleton (skull, spine, and thorax) and an appendicular skeleton (upper/ lower limbs)

Question 22

Fat

Answer 22

(panniculus adiposis or hypodermis). The panniculus adiposis along with its underlying superficial membranous fascia are referred to as tela subcutanea.

Question 23

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 23

Location: mostly in walls of hollow visceral organs

Cell shape and appearance: single, fusiform, uninucleate; NO striations

Connective tissue components: endomysium

Contractions: involuntary, controlled by nervous system, and very slow

Question 24

Cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 24

Location: walls of the heart

Cell shape and appearance: branching chains of cells; uninucleate, striations; intercalated discs

Connective tissue components: endomysium attached to the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Contractions: involuntary, heart as pacemaker, also controlled by nervous system, and slow

Question 25

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 25

Location: attached to bones or skin (some facial muscles)

Cell shape and appearance: single, very long, cylindrical, multinucleate with very obvious striations

Connective tissue components: epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium

Contractions: voluntary, nervous system controls, and slow to fast