Unit 1: Lecture 15

Question 1

The motions of pronation/supination are augmented by what motions AT the wrist?

Answer 1

• flexion/extension

- ulnar/radial deviation

Question 2

Name the carpal bones

Answer 2

• Pisiform
• Triquetrum
• Hamate
• Capitate
• Scaphoid
• Trapezium
• Trapezoid
• Lunate

Question 3

Which carpal bone is most often broken?

Answer 3

Scaphoid

Question 4

Which carpal bone is most often dislocated?

Answer 4

Lunate

Question 5

Where does the triangular fibrocartilage covering the distal radioulnar joint originate?

Answer 5

Styloid process of ulna

Question 6

What type of joint is the radiocarpal?

Answer 6

Ellipsoidal

Question 7

On either side of the hand (radial and ulnar), what are the two ligaments connecting to the carpals?

Answer 7

Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments

Question 8

What type of joints are the intercarpals?

Answer 8

Plane/gliding

Question 9

Which joint capsule encloses an articular disk?

Answer 9

Distal Radioulnar joint

Question 10

What motion do the radio/ulnar collateral ligaments limit?

Answer 10

Radio/ulnar deviation

Question 11

Joints of the of the proximal carpal row

Answer 11

Joints between scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform

Question 12

Joints of the of the distal carpal row

Answer 12

Joints between capitate, hamate, trapezoid, and trapezium

Question 13

Midcarpal joints

Answer 13

Joints between proximal and distal rows

Question 14

What’s to note about the pisiform?

Answer 14

• Forms the attachment of the flexor and extensor retinaculum on the ulnar side of the wrist
• The ulnar nerve passes between it and the hamate as it enters the palm, creating the Guyon’s Canal

Question 15

What is the second most broken carpal bone?

Answer 15

Triquetrum

Question 16

What is the third most broken carpal bone?

Answer 16

Trapezium

Question 17

What kind of joints are the carpometacarpals (2-5)?

Answer 17

Gliding/plane

Question 18

What kind of joint is the carpometacarpal of the thumb?

Answer 18

Saddle

Question 19

What kind of joints are the metacarpal joints (2-5)?

Answer 19

Condyloid

Question 20

What kind of joint is the MCP of the thumb?

Answer 20

Hinge

Question 21

Deep transverse metacarpal ligament

Answer 21

Thick ligamentous band interconnecting the 2nd - 5th MCP joints

Keeps them from “overspreading”

Question 22

Palmar ligament (plate)

Answer 22

The palmar/volar portion of the joint capsule, thickened with fibrocartilage

Question 23

Collateral ligaments

Answer 23

• encase MCP, PIP, and DIPs

- tight during flexion; loose in extension to allow for ABduction/ADduction

Question 24

Palmar aponeurosis

Answer 24

Triangular expansion of the palmar fascia covering the carpal tunnel and extending to the MCP joints

Question 25

Thenar/Hypothenar Muscle Sheathes

Answer 25

Covers thenar/hypothenar muscles

Question 26

Flexor retinaculum

Answer 26

- covers carpal tunnels - connects thenar and hypothenar eminences - originates from trapezium and inserts on hook of hamate

Question 27

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

Answer 27

- Thenar muscles - Hypothenar muscles - Middle compartment muscles

Question 28

Hypothenar muscles

Answer 28

Originate at flexor retinaculum or pisiform bone, act of 5th digit, and innervated by deep branch of ulnar nerve - Abductor Digiti Minimi - Flexor Digiti Minimi - Opponens Digiti Minimi

Question 29

Thenar muscles

Answer 29

Originate at carpal bone, flexor retinaculum, or the metacarpal bones -- act on the thumb -- and most are innervated by recurrent branch of median nerve - Abductor pollicis brevis - Flexor pollicis brevis - Opponens pollicis - Adductor pollicis (deep branch of ULNAR n.)

Question 30

Middle compartment muscles of hand

Answer 30

Originate between 2-5 metacarpals and act on the same digits - Interossii muscles (4 dorsal, 4 palmar - all deep branch of ULNAR n.) - Lateral 2 lumbricals (median n.) - Medial 2 lumbricals (deep branch of ulnar n.)

Question 31

Ulnar artery crosses wrist... Ulnar artery travels with...

Answer 31

DEEP to palmar aponeurosis, but SUPERFICIAL to flexor retinaculum Ulnar nerve

Question 32

What is the primary blood supply to the hand?

Answer 32

Ulnar nerve

Question 33

Princeps pollicis artery (thumb) and radialis indicis artery (index finger) arise from what artery?

Answer 33

Radial artery

Question 34

From where does the recurrent radial artery first arise?

Answer 34

Superior margin of the supinator muscle

Question 35

Canal of Frohse

Answer 35

The canal the deep radial nerve passes through before it enters forearm

Question 36

What passes THROUGH carpal tunnel?

Answer 36

- Median nerve - Flexor Digitorum superficialis tendons (all 4) - Flexor Digitorum profundus tendons (all 4) - Flexor Pollicuc Longus tendon

Question 37

Extensor Retinaculum: Compartment 1 structures

Answer 37

Abductor pollicis longus | Extensor pollicis brevis

Question 38

Extensor Retinaculum: Compartment 2 structures

Answer 38

Extensor carpi radialis brevis | Extensor carpi radialis longus

Question 39

Extensor Retinaculum: Compartment 3 structures

Answer 39

Extensor pollicis longus

Question 40

Extensor Retinaculum: Compartment 4 structures

Answer 40

``` Extensor digitorum (pre-split) Extensor indicis ```

Question 41

Extensor Retinaculum: Compartment 5 structures

Answer 41

Extensor digiti minimi

Question 42

Extensor Retinaculum: Compartment 6 structures

Answer 42

Extensor carpi ulnaris