Unit 2: Key Words Flashcards
Define motivation
the reason why employees want to work hard and work effectively for the business
Define wage
a payment for work, usually paid weekly
Define time rate
the amount paid to an employee for one hour of work
Define piece rate
an amount paid for each unit of output
Define salary
payment for work, usually paid monthly
Define bonus
additional amount of payment above basic pay as a reward for good work
Define commission
payment relating to the number of sales made
Define profit sharing
a system whereby a proportion of the company’s profits is paid out to employees
Define job satisfaction
the enjoyment derived from feeling that you have done a good job
Define job rotation
workers swapping around and doing each specific task for only a limited time and then changing around again
Define job enrichment
looking at job and adding tasks that require more skill and responsibility
Define teamworking
using groups of workers and allocating specific tasks and responsibilities to them
Define training
the process of improving a workers skills
Define promotion
the advancement of an employee in an organisation. for example to a higher job/managerial level.
Define organisational structure
the levels of management and division of responsibilities within an organisation
Define organisational chart
refers to a diagram that outlines the internal management structure
Define hierarchy
the levels of management in any organisation from the highest to lowest
Define levels of hierarchy
refers to managers/supervisors/other employees who are given a similar level of responsibility in an organisation
Define chain of command
the structure in an organisation which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management
Define span of control
the number of subordinates working directly under a manager
Define directors
senior managers who lead a particular department or division of a business
Define line manager
line managers have direct responsibility for people below them in the hierarchy of an organisation
Define supervisor
junior managers who have direct control over the employees below them in the organisational structure
Define staff managers
specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line managers
Define delegation
giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks
Define leadership styles
the different approaches to dealing with people and making decisions when in position of authority - autocratic, democratic or laissez-fair
Define autocratic leadership
when the manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed
Define democratic leadership
when the manager gets other employees involved in the decision making process
Define laissez-faire leadership
the manager makes the broad objectives of the business known to employees, but then they are left to make their own decisions and organise their own work
Define trade union
a group of employees who have joined together to ensure their interests are protected
Define closed shop
when all employees must be made a member of the same trade union
Define recruitment
the process from identifying that the business needs to employ someone up to the point at which applications have arrived at the business
Define employee selection
the process of evaluating candidates for a specific job and selecting an individual for employment based on the needs of the organisation
Define job analysis
identifies and records the responsibilities and and tasks relating to a job
Define job description
outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a specific job
Define job specification
a document which outlines the requirements, qualifications, expertise, physical characteristics, etc. for a specified job
Define internal recruitment
when a vacancy is filled by someone who is an existing employee of the business
Define external recruitment
when a vacancy is filled by someone who is not an existing employee and will be new to the business
Define part-time
part-time employment is often considered to be between 1 and 30-35 hours a week
Define full-time
full-time employees with usually work 35 hours or more a week
Define induction training
an introduction given to a new employee, explaining the business’s activities, customs and procedures and introducing them to their fellow workers
Define on-the-job training
training by watching a more experienced worker doing the job
Define off-the-job training
being trained away from the workplace, usually by specialist trainers
Define workforce planning
establishing the workforce needed by the business for the foreseeable future in terms of the number and skills of the employee required
Define dismissal
when employment is ended against the will of the employee, usually not for working in accordance to the employee contract
Define redundancy
when an employee is no longer needed and so loses their job. it is not due to any of their work being unsatisfactory
Define contract of employment
a legal agreement between an employer and employee, listing the rights and responsibilities of workers
Define industrial tribunal
a type of law court that makes judgments on disagreements between companies and their employees, for example, workers’ complaints of unfair dismissal or discrimination at work
Define ethical decision
a decision take by a manager of a company because of the moral code observed by the firm
Define communication
the transferring of a message from the sender to the receiver, who understands the message
Define message
the information/instructions being passed by the sender to the receiver
Define internal communication
communication between members of the same organisation
Define external communication
communication between the organisation and other organisations or individuals
Define transmitter/sender
the person starting of the process by sending the message
Define medium of communication
the method used to send a message, for example a letter is a method of written communication and a meeting is a method of verbal communication
Define receiver
the person who receives the message
Define feedback
the reply from the receiver which shows whether the message has arrived, been understood and if necessary, been acted upon.
Define one-way communication
a message which does not call for or require a response
Define two-way communication
when the receiver gives a response to the message and there is a discussion about it
Define formal communication
when messages are sent through established channels using professional language
Define informal communication
when information is sent and received casually using everyday language
Define communication barriers
factors that stop effective communication of messages
