Unit 2 - Key Area 6 - Transport Systems In Animals

Question 1

What is the function of blood?

Answer 1

Blood transports nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide around the body and helps fight infections.

Question 2

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 2

Carry oxygen

Question 3

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 3

Help to fight infection

Question 4

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 4

Carries nutrients (glucose and amino acids), carbon dioxide, and wastes.

Question 5

What is the importance of a biconcave disc shape?

Answer 5

Red blood cells have a biconcave disc shape to increase the surface area for carrying oxygen.

Question 6

What is the importance of having no nucleus?

Answer 6

They have no nucleus which makes space for carrying more oxygen.

Question 7

What is the importance of pigment haemoglobin?

Answer 7

They have a large volume of haemoglobin to carry oxygen.

Question 8

Describe the relationship between oxygen and haemoglobin

Answer 8

Haemoglobin binds with oxygen at a high concentration (in the lungs) and forms oxyhaemoglobin.

Haemoglobin + Oxygen → Oxyhaemoglobin

Haemoglobin releases oxygen (in the cells) where the oxygen concentration is low

Oxyhaemoglobin → Haemoglobin + Oxygen

The oxygen then diffuses into the cells.

Question 9

What are white blood cells?

Answer 9

White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens.

Question 10

What are pathogens?

Answer 10

Pathogens are disease causing micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses and fungi).

Question 11

Describe the function of phagocytes

Answer 11

Phagocytosis (cell eating) by engulfing and digesting pathogens.

Question 12

Describe the function of lymphocytes

Answer 12

Produce antibodies which destroy pathogens. Each antibody are specific to a particular pathogen.

Question 13

What is the direction of arteries

Answer 13

Away from the heart

Question 14

What is the direction of veins

Answer 14

Back to the heart

Question 15

Why does the heart contain valves?

Answer 15

The heart contains valves to prevent the back flow of blood.

Question 16

What do the coronary arteries do?

Answer 16

The heart muscle cells are supplied with blood by the coronary arteries. These are the first arteries to branch off from the aorta.

Blockage of the coronary arteries can deprive part of the heart muscle of oxygen, causing it to die.

Question 17

Describe arteries

Answer 17

Thick muscular walls

Narrow central channel

Carry blood under high pressure AWAY from the heart

Question 18

Describe capillaries

Answer 18

Thin walled to allow efficient exchange of materials

Capillaries form networks through organs and tissues and have a large surface area

Question 19

Describe veins

Answer 19

Thin muscular walls

A wide central channel

Carry blood under low pressure to the heart

Contain valves to prevent backflow of blood

Question 20

Describe the blood vessels

Answer 20

Arteries divide up into capillaries, which then join up to make veins.

Question 21

Describe the pathway of blood around the body

Answer 21

Oxygenated Blood:
Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs →

Deoxygenated Blood:
Pulmonary Vein → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Aorta → Body